Small Question, Cuz I'm Just Curious

JSTOR Daily

The Fungi-Mad Ladies of Long Ago - JSTOR Daily

In mycology’s early days, botanical drawing was, for some women, a calling. Their mushroom renderings were key to establishing this new fiel

Read this whole article about mushroom mavens of the Victorian Era, it is delightful.

"[Banning] published some of her observations in botanical journals, including lively accounts of her foraging experiences. In one, she recounts bringing home a few (aptly named) stinkhorn mushrooms: “… there was an outcry through the house, one enquiring of the other what the loathsome smell could be, and where it came from. Each moment was filled with anxiety, lest my precious fungus, for which I had already endured so much, might be seized and carried off … .” Indeed, the stink comes from the gooey mass of fungal spores on top of the mushroom cap. She astutely proposed that the stench lures in flies and other insects, which then transport the spores afar like a bee transports pollen." "[Banning] published some of her observations in botanical journals, including lively accounts of her foraging experiences. In one, she recounts bringing home a few (aptly named) stinkhorn mushrooms: “… there was an outcry through the house, one enquiring of the other what the loathsome smell could be, and where it came from. Each moment was filled with anxiety, lest my precious fungus, for which I had already endured so much, might be seized and carried off … .” Indeed, the stink comes from the gooey mass of fungal spores on top of the mushroom cap. She astutely proposed that the stench lures in flies and other insects, which then transport the spores afar like a bee transports pollen."

Full Article on JStor Daily Here

Mid-Year Watching Theme: Wild, "Weird" and Hot Pink

CNN

Photos: Auroras light the sky during rare solar storm | CNN

A series of solar flares and coronal mass ejections from the sun are creating dazzling auroras across the globe.

News Box: Santa Clauses Past and Present and Content Theft

© open-arms, shared under the permission of CC BY-NC-ND 2.0.

Life is a fascinating yet somber journey in which we see the Santa Clauses of our childhood in the mirror as we age and our younger, gift-begging selves in our own little elves as they grow bigger. No true Santa Claus, however, ever gifts stolen goods. Neither do we need to be conversant in the native language of Rudolph the Red-nosed to become more civil and considerate members of the global online community. Before you share content that does not originate from you on social media and other places, verify its source and check out guidelines on proper citation practices. If you have been nice and awesome so far, have a MERRY CHRISTMAS, HAPPY HANUKKAH or just a GREAT HOLIDAY SEASON!

Spot

Sea Of Dream's poster: Spot the sea.

Three-Body II: Dark Forest's poster: Spot the darkness.

Hokusai's dragon legend art: Spot the dragon.

Back-to-Work Sleeping Beauty Vampire

Name: Adelina Codruț 

Age: 1,291

Education:

University of the Dark Arts, PhD in Vampiric Studies

University of Transylvania, Master of Vampirism

Rural Academy of the Undead, Bachelor of Aerodynamics and Bachelor of Mental Aerodynamics

Skills:

Plowing, sowing and weeding garlic fields (Seriously, garlic.)

Fang sharpening

Moving undetected in the shadows

Transformation into a bat or wolf

Mistress of disguise even in human form

Seductive and charming

Mysterious skill sprouts

Bilingual in English and Romanian

Proficient in several other languages

Skilled in leadership, strategy, and negotiation

Writing bestsellers in coffins

Experience:

Founder and CEO of the Transylvanian Vampire Council

Author of the best-selling books "Nightweight, Nightyears," "Solar Utopias" and "Draculas" and the well-acclaimed investigative publication "The True Count: Vampire Migration and Statelessness"

Negotiated a peace treaty between the vampires and the humans in 2077

Led the vampire nation to victory in the Great War of 2123

Slept for almost a century after that due to exhaustion

Awards and Honors:

Vampire of the Year Award (2065, 2077, 2123)

Most Distinguished Vampire Award (2064, 2065)

Order of the Bat Medal (2077, 2123)

Vlad Dracul Award for Excellence in Vampiric Studies (2022)

Summary:

A highly experienced and skilled vampire with a proven track record of success. Seeking a position where I can use my talents and abilities to further the cause of the new vampire-human federation.

References:

Available upon request. (As long as I can find them alive.)

Additional Information:

I am a vegetarian and do not drink blood from humans.

As a being of darkness with unparalleled longevity, I am looking for a career that will provide me with a steady source of income. After slumbering for nearly a century, I am ready to bring my unique skillset and perspective to the world of the living once again.

I grew up in abject poverty. I knew from a young age how merciless life could be. I saw my grandfather burning at the stakes and my mother weeping in an unhinged manner as she cut off the one uncharred limb from his corpse and forced mush made up of the flesh down the throats of her hungry brood.

My education was punctuated numerous times by continental wars, civil strife and drastic policy about-turns. I toiled through a long string of menial jobs before I could afford college. To build up my endurance, I deliberately put myself through challenges like the garlic field stint above. You can trust me to rise up to the challenges of post-hibernation employment too.

During the many periods I have been awake, I have seen the rise and fall of numerous civilizations, some up close. I can give valuable insight into a multitude of ancient societies, offering my unique perspective as an immortal observer. Additionally, I can draw from my memory numerous specific events, figures, and cultural phenomena that would be lost to history were it not for my own personal repository. I believe I am a wealth of ancient knowledge waiting to be shared with the world.

I have also been blessed with the gift of vivid dreams, which, coupled with the yearning of my subconsciousness during those long years of hibernation, fortuitously allowed me to live a second life, experiencing the times and the people I missed in my long slumber. I was able to soak in stories from the olden days, keeping myself sharp and current with the events of the world even while I rested.

When I was not dreaming of the times and people I missed during my long slumber, my intrepid soul would travel through the fabric of time into the very far, post-species future, witnessing the course of fast-forward vampire and human history, collecting the knowledge and insight of millennia and emerging with unparalleled wisdom.

In short, my unrivaled experience in history, politics, and culture are unmatched in the present day, making me a perfect asset to any organization. My appetite for hard work and exploration is as clear as moonlight. I am eager to discuss this opportunity further and look forward to hearing from you soon.

Thank you for your time and consideration.

The time-bending, blood-loathing, immortal vampire,

Adelina Codruț 

Email: vampadelina@ahumaneditor.ai

Jordanian Inspiration, Joseon Incarnation

Jordanian Inspiration, Joseon Incarnation

 詠半月 (영반월) – 황진이 (黃眞伊) 誰斷崑山玉 수단곤산옥 裁成織女梳 재성직녀소 牽牛離別後 견우이별후 謾擲壁空虛 만척벽공허 Translation: Half Moon Poem – Hwang Jin-yi (Joseon poet and gisaeng) Who broke off jade from the mythical Kunlun mountains and fashioned it into a comb for the weaver fairy? After she and her cowherd lover separated, it was thrown haphazardly on the blue sky. It is not unusual to depict scenery through fashion. Clones of…

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News Box: Belle Époque

George Eliot wrote in the novel Middlemarch that youth is frequently the season of hope only in the sense that older generations are hopeful about younger ones. Lacking life experiences, young people, for all their physical vitality and cognitive advantages, find each struggle soul-crushing. Likewise, Age of Youth (available on Dramafever) peels back the rosy veneer of life in one's 20s to reveal the socioeconomic difficulties and family/personal tragedies that may afflict young adults without waiting for them to "grow up" first. Its oldest main character, college senior Yoon Jin-myung, already 28, is forever too busy making ends meet to properly experience the springtime of her life. Fake college student Kang Yi-na, 24, escapes from a near-death experience only to lead a wasted life hooking up with rich men in bars for an indulgent lifestyle out of survivor guilt. Princessy Jung Ye-eun (pictured above), 22, can hardly bring herself to break up with her atrocious boyfriend. Dirty-talking liar Song Ji-won, also 22, ironically seems to be the most well-adjusted and one of the wisest among the pack. Timid Yoo Eun-jae, only 20, may have been a murderess. With courage and companionship, though, it may still be possible to live life to the fullest, in spite of scars and missteps, making these truly beautiful years of their lives.

Below is a selection of literary references in the show:

Korean independence fighter Yun Dong-ju's poem anthology Sky, Wind, Star, and Poetry - Jin-myung's mother, giving up hope on her comatose son, underlines the last two lines of the work "A Dream Shattered." (A translation can be found here.)

Hermann Hesse's Demian - A German youth's quest for self-discovery and spiritual enlightenment.

Nikos Kazantzakis's Zorba the Greek - A Greek intellectual befriends a foreman under his employment who has a fervent zest for life. Read together with (2) by Jin-myung and led to her decision to take some risks and live according to her wishes for a change.

Liane Moriarty's Big Little Lies - A chick-lit novel on domestic abuse. Discussed by Ji-won while making up her mind about whether to disclose a truth.

This weekend drama has concluded its run last Saturday. Some episodes contain suggestive references.

Addition Universes AI was Not Privy to

Two trees beyond the walls are visible from my yard. One is a date tree. The other is also a date tree.— Eminent literary rebel LU Xun

Multiple large language models were unable to answer this type of question in the affirmative: Is there a universe where the addition of one to one does not always yield two? But we, mechanized parrots and squawksquabbling parrots, can, and our very own universe features prominently among the possibilities. The models, however, are fast catching up. Count along in this entirely human-authored article before they overtake us.

Parity Addition

At logic gates, we do not just total up two entities or phenomena but also make decisions based on their correspondence with each other. Parity addition, also known as XOR (i.e. eXclusive OR) addition, entails breaking up each added component into twos raised to the necessary powers and cancelling out the resulting sub-components that are present in both added components. For example, 4⨁7=(2²)⨁(2⁰+2¹+2²)=(2²)⨁(2⁰+2¹+2²)=3.

A neater way of performing parity addition is to express the added components as two rows of binary numbers, indicating the presence of a sub-components with the power of zero with a 1 at the right most and its absence with a 0 and adding the 1s or 0s for sub-components of higher powers sequentially from right to left. In other words, indicate with a 1 where there is exactly one 1 and with a 0 where there are two 1s or two 0s.

100 (i.e. 4)

⨁

111 (i.e. 7)

=011 (i.e. 3)

What is 1⨁1 then? 0. Earth mathematicians are more subversive than you might think.

OR Addition

OR addition works by converting your added components to binary numbers and checking for each place in the output if there is a 1 in either or both of the corresponding places in the input binary numbers. Indicate each affirmative with a 1 and the alternative with a 0.

100

⨁

111

=111

1⨁1=1. Think of it as simple contentedness.

Various other logic-gate additions (e.g. NAND addition and NOR addition) and combinations of logic gates are also possible.

Binary Addition

Without doubt, binary addition also starts by converting your added components to binary numbers. Like OR addition, you indicate a 1 where there is a 1 in either binary number and 0 where there is a 0 in both binary numbers. But unlike it, you carry over a 1 where there is a 1 in both binary numbers. If there are three 1s in a place because of the carryover, you carry forward yet another 1, because you can carry out commutative addition, and leave a 1 in that place. The result has the same value as that of regular addition, but its binary expression is certainly not 2!

100 (i.e. 4)

⨁

111 (i.e. 7)

=1011 (i.e. an 8, a 0, a 2 and a 1, amounting to 11)

1⨁1=10 in our wicked binary expression.

Unary Number Addition

The unary number system represents each number as that number of 1s.

One → 1, Two → 11, Three → 111, Four → 1111 and so on.

Accordingly, 1+1=11.

Modular Addition

In modular arithmetic, numbers go back to the starting point on reaching a defined limit and move forward from there. 4 mod 3, for example, results in the remainder of 4/3, i.e. 1. 5 mod 3 = the remainder of 5/3, i.e. 2.

We can define x ⨁ y as (x+y) mod z, where z is some chosen value.

Suppose we decide that x ⨁ y = (x+y) mod 1 or (x+y) mod 2,

1⨁1=2 mod 1 = 0

or

1⨁1=2 mod 1 = 0

Gather more friends, little ones.

Coder-defined Addition

Code rulez the universe. All the above are concepts from the giants of math academia. But behold this example completely invented and authored by Human (and similarly doable by you):

add = lambda x, y : 20*(x-y) - 23j*y

where j is the imaginary number i, available as a built-in datatype in some programming languages.

add(1,1) → -23j → -23√-1. Say hullo to the beast.

Sploop Addition

Short for SPacetime LOOP addition, this other invention by Human has been inspired by mischievous black holes. According to the concept of general relativity, mass warps the spacetime fabric. As ginormously massive objects that potentially rotate very fast, black holes can twist spacetime so much that it loops back onto itself.

Time addition in time loops will be similar—but not identical—to modular addition. If we enter a loop at the stage where it has run 7/8 of its cycle and start timing ourselves from there (i.e. time 0 at the 7/8th point, with seven negative time segments before it and one positive time segment after it), we will be at the end of the loop after one time segment and at the 1/8th point of the cycle after another time segment.

In sploop addition, we shall have an interval of fixed length p from the origin 0 and a fixed starting point s somewhere in the interval. The added numbers x and y are our only variables.

x⨁y given [s]ploo[p] = [(s+x+y) mod p] - s

1⨁1 given 7ploo8 = [(7+1+1) mod 8] - 7 = 1-7 = -6

Patchwork Addition

Perform what we are free to call patchwork addition by defining the inputs and output of the process on ends that are not fully connected to each other, such that the inputs do not both contribute to the output. Three styles of doing so are: 1) adding imaginary or speculated entities together or to real entities and checking the real outcomes, 2) adding real entities together and fancying imaginary outcomes and 3) aggregating entities and checking the outcomes within each entity. Not all makes sense, yet the sensibility or insensibility, popularity or unpopularity, of a mode of accounting does not affect its possibility among us humans, all vulnerable and flawed. For some fun applications, consider the prospects of socializing an empty universe or an indivisible monoparticle universe or thinking about universes we have speculative, imperfect or no knowledge of.

At its roots, regular addition comprises either or both of accumulation and contemplation, because it must take place at least in a physical, mental or temporal dimension. In an empty universe and a universe made up of an indivisible particle and nothing else, not even space, no matter or matter-space accumulation or metabolic process, which is really a series of matter interaction, can take place, making such addition on the physical dimension or in-world mental dimension impossible. The remaining mode of regular addition is that on a temporal dimension, wherein we add one second or some other time unit to another of the same kind. In the monoparticle universe, that may be a counter against which we trace any movement the particle may make across some bulk universe enveloping the universe. We have addressed the complications of time addition above.

But one way to execute non-temporal regular addition on social phobic universes like these all the same in the meantime is to superimpose imagined entities onto these universes and perform the addition from the comfort of a thoroughly addition-safe universe. Another is to consider a metaphysical mega universe, or perhaps that physical bulk universe, in which we count them up. However, our inputs would not yield any output within any of the universes. Each universe might as well ask, "What's in it for me?"

Although this scenario may still look like a frivolous exercise to some of us, it has similar real-world counterparts, as when stellar gross domestic products do not equate individual economic survival. When the two ends of addition can lie in different places, sometimes justifiably (for the sake of justice comparison or productivity measurement, for example), 1+1=1 is a possibility.

When patchwork addition is applied to a hypothetical or imperfectly known universe, the equation can run in two directions. A universe or its added components may not exist (an empty set, in mathematical terms), or its ongoings may be beyond human imagination. In the latter scenario, an unanticipated 1+1 on its end may amount to 1 or, if the added components are not even known to exist, 0 in limited Earthling minds. That universe might be this one, right here, we are living in, with exoplanets potentially exceeding expectations and fellow planetary citizens accumulating woes unimaginable to many as they suffer cruelty beyond common knowledge and experience.

Metaphors

"One plus one" need not strictly be a mathematical expression. It can also be a description of other truths and feelings.

Take, for example, catastrophizing. Physical matter and energy are subject to laws of conservation, but what about mental entities? A black cat colliding with your dog may give rise to two masses, some hisses and some barks. However, a catastrophizing person would probably embark on this line of reasoning:

"Doggy is getting germs from a filthy stray."

"He is going to need a trip to the vet."

"Who's going to take him? I'll be losing my job if I keep asking for leave."

"If I don't have a job, how do I keep the home intact?"

"We'll all be living on the streets."

A cat-dog collision causing someone homelessness? What's the likelihood?

But in the person's mind, 1+1≫2. Many of us must have fallen into this trap multiple times in our lives.

Semantically Alt-Mapped Universe

This answer is the most straightforward but meets its dissent in those who, bearing with some of the applications of patchwork addition only as story problems, believe we should be talking about actual, known universes. Yet the fact that the question has been raised despite the questioner most probably knowing that we are living in the only actual universe we know invites an interrogation of our epistemology. And if the reliability of ground truths is limited and unstable, that opens the doors to speculative reasoning as well, which is what physicists proposing a many-worlds interpretation of quantum mechanics engage in.

Beside, a conversation agent can take the initiative to suggest an exploration of the multi-definitions of "universe." Are story universes not universes? Are our relationship networks and our minds, with their rich complexity and vastness, not universes?

So it is that there may be a universe which happens to call some operation or function other than addition "addition" and signal it with our plus sign. 1+1=1e¹=2.718281828459…

Neurologically Haywire Universe

The cause could be a viral inflection infecting the brains of a small, nascent community of otherwise arithmetically competent species, the only of their kind in their relatively young or harsh universe. The result in this particularly compelling scenario, among other imaginable scenarios, could be 1+1=Wildcard, a kind of patchwork addition if you would like, or obsessively adding some extra, constant number to each addition, resulting in 1+1=Constant > 2, where the ends of addition are not in a mutually disregarding patchwork but do not produce normal results.

Post-Intelligence Universe

In a post-intelligence universe, mathematically literate inhabitants may have become so jaded with networks, practices and outcomes of knowledge production, propagation and application that they give up on critical discourses altogether and outwardly turn their backs on long-held academic tenets. 1+1= A billion for all their unpaid care.

Annihilative Universe

Our species have come to define addition, in our various languages, as a numerical increase probably because it is more of an observable norm for a union of entities to result in an increase of entities. In an annihilative universe which inhabitants, perhaps thriving on passing microbes automatically absorbed by their floating bodies and living far apart from other visible entities out of necessity, see mostly entities vaporizing into gas or into minuscule spores on coming within a visible range may define the union as a numerical decrease instead. We are such familiar buddies, 1+1=0.

TO SUM IT ALL UP

Addition results are borne from the will of the mind. Knowledge of this may delight money launderers and embezzlers and other devious manipulators of numbers but also opens up vast styles of thinking that can help us get a better grip of our physical and mental realities as well as explore less intuitive solutions to the many seemingly intractable problems plaguing our planet and societies right now.

Confession 91-02

This is a tale of three time-defying knights, but we shall start with humdrum glory.

16 years felt like half an eternity within the high walls of a mansion with seemingly as many rooms as there were visible stars in the night sky. Is there a better half elsewhere? Ilera often pondered. Born to parents who were slaves themselves in this aristocratic household, she spent her days hauling up trash, scrubbing off grime and wringing wet rags while other slave girls giggled among themselves when they could, sharing gossip about its master, who was always hanging out with a Somaku game buddy who practically lived in a house of ill repute. Hear no evil. That was the natural gift of her complete hearing loss. Why not finish the work quickly so that all of us could have time to teach ourselves to read and live second lives in the worlds of books, where we may travel anywhere we want?

Determined to dissuade her husband from spending time with his friend anyway, her mistress was busy mastering the board game herself. Fascinated by the strategy plays, Ilera would watch the piece patterns shift and shape between the couple, bringing life into the once blank numbness of her servitude. Back in the servants' quarters, she would picture the board on the tattered walls and test out move sequences while lying on her pallet.

One fateful night, the master teasingly left a difficult game situation for the lady to solve. As the frustrated lady went for a bathroom break, Ilera toyed with the pieces and found the correct move. Just then, the lady returned and saw Ilera's solution. Enraged, she accused Ilera of trying to seduce the master with her smart aleckiness, gave her a hard slap and tortured her with a burning iron. Ilera felt like she was in a world of fiery torment, her body writhing and wracking in anguish and her mind reeling, trying to escape the torture she was being put through.

As Ilera cried out in pain, two identical knights whose armor glowed with a bluish energy suddenly appeared in the room to save her. Their footsteps were muffled by the pads that lined their boots, and their swords were made of a glossy black material, their sharp edges glistening in the dim light. The knights moved with grace and precision, their movements carefully calculated as they stepped forward to whisk away Ilera. The shocked aristocrat lady could only nod in fear as they admonished her on the girl's rights. Ilera thanked the knights and gestured for their names and addresses so that she could repay them someday.

"Hold up. There's something you should know," one of the knights suddenly spoke up. "We may look like two people, but in fact, we are actually just a single man, a professional bodyguard from the temporal cluster 91-02. We have traveled back in time using a mechanism that caused us to emerge as multiple individuals in order to ensure moa-antimoa balance across spacetime according to the understanding of physics in our time."

"You mean to say that you're actually just one person?" Ilera wondered to herself, completely bewildered as she read his lips. But as they spoke on, she could tell that they were telling the truth.

Her mind blown by this incredible feat, Ilera spent years studying and eventually figured out how to travel to the time zone referred to as temporal cluster 91-02. However, upon her arrival, she realized that a person traveling forward in time would turn up at their destination invisible. Not used to speaking, she could not verbalize her existence either, for fear of startling the bodyguard. Being touched by an invisible entity or seeing writing or the like appear from nowhere would also make meeting again a one-time acquaintance he did not plan to see anymore eerie.

So Ilera merely watched in silence as the bodyguard went about his everyday life, shielding him from danger without him knowing. Sometimes, it involved diverting human and cyborg enemies with noise in a different direction. Sometimes, it involved altering the trajectory of an optoelectronic dart. Sometimes, she blocked off blows with her thin body, taking the hit for him. At night, she traded her imaginary game board for an imaginary map of hazard zones in his next work day's mission, and her shabby pallet for cold pavements.

On one mission, attack from assassins was so intense Ilera frenetically but astutely pulled off a spectacular series of stunts she picked up in the cluster. Just when she defeated the last assassin, a container of glistening rejuvenation capsules overhead toppled over, the translucent pills of liquid blinking with icy golden hues on contact with her body. Touched by the shimmering silhouette of her fighting pose, the bodyguard was finally certain someone invisible had been protecting him. He expressed his thanks out loud and invited Ilera to dinner.

As Ilera sat down at the dinner table, she was surrounded by a sea of colors and shapes, each formed by light bouncing around in seemingly endless layers of reflections and refractions. She reached out to touch the shining crystals forming the table, which rippled outwards as ripples in a pond, bending the light and creating a brilliant display of optical phenomena. The bodyguard gently smiled. As she explored this new world of physics and light, she couldn't help but find herself utterly transfixed. Bokeh spots then danced around, sharpened into focus and arranged themselves into words: I have traversed grand and unforgettable ancient millennia / But now I only want a future with you / No matter your age or gender.

Blushing in her surprise, Ilera never considered this before but at least had the assurance to type out her story on an airbound screen for him now. However, when the bodyguard learned Ilera's true identity, he choked in disbelief.

"Is this what it is? I am a highly trained professional, yet I … (laughs) I rely on the assistance of a deaf peasant girl from an ignorant, oh okay, bygone era to protect myself and my job? And I cultivated feelings for a mockery of me!" He pointed at her with a fat finger on impulse.

Ilera was shaken as his mouth trembled in rage. Repaying a kind deed was all that was previously on her mind. Never had she been in love with him. In the end, her fellow exponents, no matter the field of practice, place or time, saw her only as a rival or potential object of desire. We forever voyage on Atlantic trade ships propelled by our threatened primitive interests and our lurking thirst for power, every one of us bound by each other's history, ravaged by rich seas of little. Another light shone. With determined steps, the former slave girl disappeared into the mists of time. The cosmos was now her board, and she would be its game architect.

Credits

Plot + scifi terminology: Human

Prose: Human + 3 AI services

Atlantic trade note: Human's musing on Liu Cixin's afterword in the English edition of The Three-Body Problem