Different Types Of Supernovae Are The Primary Origins Of Different Classes Of Chemical_Elements.

Different Types of Supernovae are the Primary Origins of Different Classes of Chemical_Elements.

You Are Made of Stardust

Though the billions of people on Earth may come from different areas, we share a common heritage: we are all made of stardust! From the carbon in our DNA to the calcium in our bones, nearly all of the elements in our bodies were forged in the fiery hearts and death throes of stars.

You Are Made Of Stardust

The building blocks for humans, and even our planet, wouldn’t exist if it weren’t for stars. If we could rewind the universe back almost to the very beginning, we would just see a sea of hydrogen, helium, and a tiny bit of lithium.

The first generation of stars formed from this material. There’s so much heat and pressure in a star’s core that they can fuse atoms together, forming new elements. Our DNA is made up of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and phosphorus. All those elements (except hydrogen, which has existed since shortly after the big bang) are made by stars and released into the cosmos when the stars die.

You Are Made Of Stardust

Each star comes with a limited fuel supply. When a medium-mass star runs out of fuel, it will swell up and shrug off its outer layers. Only a small, hot core called a white dwarf is left behind. The star’s cast-off debris includes elements like carbon and nitrogen. It expands out into the cosmos, possibly destined to be recycled into later generations of stars and planets. New life may be born from the ashes of stars.

You Are Made Of Stardust

Massive stars are doomed to a more violent fate. For most of their lives, stars are balanced between the outward pressure created by nuclear fusion and the inward pull of gravity. When a massive star runs out of fuel and its nuclear processes die down, it completely throws the star out of balance. The result? An explosion!

Supernova explosions create such intense conditions that even more elements can form. The oxygen we breathe and essential minerals like magnesium and potassium are flung into space by these supernovas.

You Are Made Of Stardust

Supernovas can also occur another way in binary, or double-star, systems. When a white dwarf steals material from its companion, it can throw everything off balance too and lead to another kind of cataclysmic supernova. Our Nancy Grace Roman Space Telescope will study these stellar explosions to figure out what’s speeding up the universe’s expansion. 

This kind of explosion creates calcium – the mineral we need most in our bodies – and trace minerals that we only need a little of, like zinc and manganese. It also produces iron, which is found in our blood and also makes up the bulk of our planet’s mass!

You Are Made Of Stardust

A supernova will either leave behind a black hole or a neutron star – the superdense core of an exploded star. When two neutron stars collide, it showers the cosmos in elements like silver, gold, iodine, uranium, and plutonium.

You Are Made Of Stardust

Some elements only come from stars indirectly. Cosmic rays are nuclei (the central parts of atoms) that have been boosted to high speed by the most energetic events in the universe. When they collide with atoms, the impact can break them apart, forming simpler elements. That’s how we get boron and beryllium – from breaking star-made atoms into smaller ones.

Half a dozen other elements are created by radioactive decay. Some elements are radioactive, which means their nuclei are unstable. They naturally break down to form simpler elements by emitting radiation and particles. That’s how we get elements like radium. The rest are made by humans in labs by slamming atoms of lighter elements together at super high speeds to form heavier ones. We can fuse together elements made by stars to create exotic, short-lived elements like seaborgium and einsteinium.

You Are Made Of Stardust

From some of the most cataclysmic events in the cosmos comes all of the beauty we see here on Earth. Life, and even our planet, wouldn’t have formed without them! But we still have lots of questions about these stellar factories. 

In 2006, our Stardust spacecraft returned to Earth containing tiny particles of interstellar dust that originated in distant stars, light-years away – the first star dust to ever be collected from space and returned for study. You can help us identify and study the composition of these tiny, elusive particles through our Stardust@Home Citizen Science project.

Our upcoming Roman Space Telescope will help us learn more about how elements were created and distributed throughout galaxies, all while exploring many other cosmic questions. Learn more about the exciting science this mission will investigate on Twitter and Facebook.

Make sure to follow us on Tumblr for your regular dose of space!

More Posts from Aspergers1044 and Others

11 years ago

Nine Different Ways that Quantum_Computing will change life for the better.

6 years ago

Star_Wars Writing_Systems.

aspergers1044 - Looking Forward to The Future
aspergers1044 - Looking Forward to The Future
aspergers1044 - Looking Forward to The Future
aspergers1044 - Looking Forward to The Future
aspergers1044 - Looking Forward to The Future
aspergers1044 - Looking Forward to The Future
aspergers1044 - Looking Forward to The Future
aspergers1044 - Looking Forward to The Future

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11 years ago

It's not quite warp drive, but researchers are hot on the trail of building nuclear fusion impulse engines, complete with real-life dilithium crystals. Read this article by Amanda Kooser on CNET.


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7 years ago

I Support The Use of Solar_Energy for The Generation of Electricity.

Donald Trump is trying to destroy solar energy in America.

As someone who has been using 100% solar energy to power everything but my apartment and car for nearly eight months, and frequently has too much energy and too little storage, I feel the need to comment on this.

So Trump put a 30% tariff on importing materials used to manufacture solar panels. More than 50% of the world’s silicon production (the element that best allows for the photovoltaic effect) is in China, whereas less than 5% of production is in the US. Not to mention other imported materials needed to make solar panels.

Before anyone says “then why don’t we just make this stuff in America,” we do, but in very small quantities, because the resources to create these materials are scarce in North America. It’s called GEOpolitics for a reason.

So, higher tariffs on imported materials required to manufacture solar panels means fewer American companies will be purchasing foreign materials, because foreign materials will be jump in cost to account for the tariffs. The countries trading the materials will also trade less material so as not to incur these tariffs at their own expense, which could stem the flow imported goods to a trickle. These same countries will begin trading with other countries that don’t have as high a tariff and whose governments actually encourage renewable energy and solar production (unlike, obviously, the shitty assholes in our government whose paychecks come from the Koch Brothers and Big Oil, all of who don’t give a damn, because only socialist countries use renewable energy, afterall).

More solar production in America = less cost to consumers (free energy for immediate purchasers and long-term users)

More production = overproduction

Overproduction = manufacturing and innovating better storage

Better storage = longer usage, more energy to drive more industry and innovation in technology

More industry and technology + cheap/free energy = more money in individual pockets, more job creation, boost in economy

Boost in economy + more money to individuals + high skill job creation = better education and rise in quality of life for lower and middle classes

Better education and rise in quality of life = better social values and more intelligent citizens entering workforce and entreprenurial sector.

So why discourage solar production? Why not lead the charge and prioritize solar production, instead of speaking out against it and making it more difficult to obtain solar in America? Why not make it more difficult to import oil to encourage a transition to cleaner, more reliable, and cheaper if not FREE energy? Why?

Transitioning to solar and renewable energy should absolutely be one of the highest priorities for our government, but it’s not. We have all these individual companies and cities saying they’ll phase out coal and oil and go all electric and renewable, and you’re going to see an increase in profits, an increase in the quality of life in those cities, better income, and more innovation. Oil companies know this is happening – and they are going to fight as brutally as a wounded animal, and they will fund campaigns of people who support coal and oil, even though they are dying.

Yes, oil isn’t just used as fuel. It’s in clothes, and soaps, and ink, and whatever else. Obviously. That’s completely beside the point. Because our transportation is the #1 source of our carbon emissions. We have heat islands in cities for a reason. You wouldn’t breathe in a tailpipe FOR A REASON. If we could completely eliminate transportation emissions in the next 10 years, and household and structure emissions in the next 20, why isn’t the government even voicing support for that? The government doesn’t have to regulate everything and lead the charge, but Trump and his cronies literally and forcefully OPPOSE renewable energy.

I have six solar panels and three large battery packs. I have been using these for eight months. Five hours of sunlight gives me more than a week’s worth of energy to use. If I had the resources to store ALL of the energy I could generate per day, I would be able to generate about two weeks of energy in a SINGLE DAY. In one week, I would have enough energy to use for more than six months. So don’t tell me solar doesn’t work. Don’t me it’s bad on a cloudy day, or during snowstorms, or at night, or when it’s raining. I have gone nearly two weeks without sunlight and been completely fine. Mine are just the small scale. I haven’t even used a wall plug for anything but my computer in eight months (and computer is just emergencies). But I don’t even put them out every day, because I just don’t have the storage capacity for the energy I *could* generate. Solar works. Solar is infinitely better than coal and oil ever will be. We need to be funding it. We need to be pushing ahead with it. We can’t be punishing it just to cling to some outdated way of thinking. If you claim to want a better America (let’s be real, Trump doesn’t give one single shit), you need to understand #1 that we NEED these materials and #2 they don’t magically appear in the ground where you put your shovel. The rest of the world, ESPECIALLY CHINA, for god’s sake, is pushing ahead with developing solar infrastructures. So why aren’t we even trying? And “because it’s not the government’s job” isn’t an excuse. Know why? Because the Donald Trump and the government is SUPPRESSING it.

7 years ago

With Net Neutrality On The Chopping Block, Communities Are Taking Matters Into their Own Hands—And Scaring The Hell Out Of Comcast

8 years ago

Here's some more information on NASA's Juno_Mission.

Juno: Join the Mission!

Our Juno spacecraft may be millions of miles from Earth, but that doesn’t mean you can’t get involved with the mission and its science. Here are a few ways that you can join in on the fun:

Juno Orbit Insertion

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This July 4, our solar-powered Juno spacecraft arrives at Jupiter after an almost five-year journey. In the evening of July 4, the spacecraft will perform a suspenseful orbit insertion maneuver, a 35-minute burn of its main engine, to slow the spacecraft by about 1,212 miles per hour so it can be captured into the gas giant’s orbit. Watch live coverage of these events on NASA Television:

Pre-Orbit Insertion Briefing Monday, July 4 at 12 p.m. EDT

Orbit Insertion Coverage Monday, July 4 at 10:30 p.m. EDT

Join Us On Social Media

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Orbit Insertion Coverage Facebook Live Monday, July 4 at 10:30 p.m. EDT

Be sure to also check out and follow Juno coverage on the NASA Snapchat account!

JunoCam

image

The Juno spacecraft will give us new views of Jupiter’s swirling clouds, courtesy of its color camera called JunoCam. But unlike previous space missions, professional scientists will not be the ones producing the processed views, or even choosing which images to capture. Instead, the public will act as a virtual imaging team, participating in key steps of the process, from identifying features of interest to sharing the finished images online.

image

After JunoCam data arrives on Earth, members of the public will process the images to create color pictures. Juno scientists will ensure JunoCam returns a few great shots of Jupiter’s polar regions, but the overwhelming majority of the camera’s image targets will be chosen by the public, with the data being processed by them as well. Learn more about JunoCam HERE.

Follow our Juno mission on the web, Facebook, Twitter, YouTube and Tumblr.

Make sure to follow us on Tumblr for your regular dose of space: http://nasa.tumblr.com


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9 years ago
Near Earth Asteroid Itokawa. A likely candidate for future mining opportunities. Credit JAXA Look back in history and you will see that the motivation behind

I sure can’t wait until Asteroid and Lunar Mining become real_industries someday! 


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7 years ago

There is a Planet out beyond Our Solar_System which has a 27,000 Year Long Orbit around it’s Host_Star.


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11 years ago

Why Aren't There Any Green Stars? 

(by SpitzerJim)

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