Management Of Acute MI

Distribution of calcium in the body

Bone calcium (99%)

Ca^2+ and PO4^3+ form hydroxyapatite

Plasma calcium

Diffusible pool

~50% of plasma calcium is free/unbound ionic Ca2+ (physiologically important form)

~10% of plasma calcium is complexed with small molecular weight compounds (citrate, phosphate)

Non-diffusible pool

~40% of plasma calcium is bound to calcium-binding proteins and plasma proteins (albumin)

The body utilises plasma albumin-bound calcium as a circulating reserve

Causes of drug-induced lupus

SHIP

Sulfasalazine & Sulfonamide Hydralazine Isoniazid Procainamide & Phenytoin

This is by no means a definitive list (they are many!) but these are some of the most common causes.

Can - Citrate

I - Isocitrate

Keep - α-Ketoglutarate

Selling - Succinyl-CoA

Sex - Succinate

For - Fumarate

Money - Malate

Officer - Oxaloacetate

oh we are starting my favorite topic in biochemistry the tca cycle because whenever someone’s like :( it’s so hard to remember the intermediates :( i get to tell them about Can I Keep Selling Sex For Money Officer

clearance = (urine concentration x urine volume passed over time) / plasma concentration

the only useful thing my prof ever taught me for the renal physiology portion of my physiology course is that clearance is calculated by the equation “pissing under the sun” ( C = UV/P)

Hypokalaemia ECG changes

U have no pot and you have no T but you have a long PR and a long QT

Low potassium causes:

U waves (small deflection immediately after T wave)

Flattened/inverted T waves

Prolonged PR interval

Apparent prolonged QT interval (due to fusion of T and U waves)

Also:

Increased P wave amplitude

Widespread ST depression

Branches of external carotid artery

Some Anatomists Like F*cking, Others Prefer S & M

Superior thyroid artery

Ascending pharyngeal artery

Lingual artery

Facial artery

Occipital artery

Posterior auricular artery

Superficial temporal artery

Maxillary artery

The superior thyroid, ascending pharyngeal, lingual and facial arteries are ANTERIOR branches.

The occipital and posterior auricular arteries are POSTERIOR branches.

The superficial temporal and maxillary arteries are TERMINAL branches.

“Some Anatomists Like F*cking, Others Prefer S & M” 

is a mnemonic my professor just mentioned in class for the branches of the external carotid artery askjvb;askjbv;

Common ototoxic medications

"FAV Q&A"

Furosemide (and other loop diuretics) Aminoglycosides Vancomycin Quinine Aspirin

The renin-angiotensin system that helps regulate the constriction of blood vessels and blood pressure.

Haemosiderin staining

"Haemosiderin staining" describes orange/red/brown skin hyperpigmentation caused by haemosiderin (an iron-containing pigment found in blood) leaking into the skin.

Causes:

Chronic venous insufficiency (in lower legs)

Skin inflammation

Trauma e.g. wound, fracture, surgery

Pigmented purpuric dermatoses

Haemochromatosis

Haemosiderin staining may be exacerbated by anticoagulant use as this increases extravasation (leakage) of red blood cells into the skin.

See an example here.

Cranial nerves mnemonic

On, on, on, they travelled and found Voldemort guarding very ancient horcruxes.

Olfactory, optic, oculomotor, trochlear, trigeminal, abducens, facial, vestibulocochlear, glossopharyngeal, vagus, accessory, hypoglossal.

On - Olfactory nerve (CN I)

On - Optic nerve (CN II)

On - Oculomotor nerve (CN III)

They - Trochlear nerve (CN IV)

Travelled - Trigeminal nerve (CN V)

And - Abducens nerve (CN VI)

Found - Facial nerve (CN VII)

Voldermort - Vestibulocochlear nerve (CN VIII)

Guarding - Glossopharyngeal nerve (CN IX)

Very - Vagus nerve (CN X)

Ancient - Accessory nerve (CN XI)

Horcruxes - Hypoglossal nerve (CN XII)