All Duolingo Irish Tips And Notes!

do u have any advice for ppl who want to study linguistics and languages but couldnt afford to study it at school?? thanks if you answer this, have a great day

yeah! you can easily download textbooks online and study from them AND I do have a dropbox full of linguistics textbooks!

https://www.dropbox.com/sh/qm7x5dz8fu4bdlp/AADshTfRGZG5JZALkDV6wFlwa?dl=0 

it includes phonetics/phonology, sociolinguistics, language acquisition, psycholinguistics, morphology, and etymology. 

I also have another dropbox folder full of language textbooks:

https://www.dropbox.com/sh/tdm26h60ccl9pe1/AABg0B3mOGaWLG9Kfyuvut6wa?dl=0

As of Sep 20: Includes 76 textbooks including Arabic, ASL, Chinese, Croatian, Czech, Danish, Dutch, Estonian, Farsi, French, German, Greek, Hebrew, Hindi, Hungarian, Icelandic, Italian, Japanese, Korean, Lithuanian, Norwegian, Portuguese, Punjabi, Romanian, Russian, Serbian, Spanish, Swahili, Swedish, Tagalog, Thai, Turkish, Urdu, Vietnamese, and Welsh :)

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I decided to create a masterpost that would help you with what you are struggling with. Hopefully any of the links below will help you! Reminder; You’re going to be okay. What you are going through will pass, just remember to breathe. 

————————————————————————————-

Distractions;

Here are some distractions to help keep your mind occupied so you aren’t too focused on your thoughts. 

-Draw something

-This website translates the time into colours.

-Create your own galaxy.

-Play flowing.

-Make a 3D line travel where ever you like. 

-Listen to music.

-Calm.

-Ocean mood, do nothing for two minutes.

Sleep issues; 

- 8 hour sleep music.

-Rainy mood. 

-Meditation.

-Coping with nightmares.

-How to cope with nightmares, 11 steps.

-Calm

-Foods that can affect your sleeping, both positive and negatively. 

 Uncomfortable with silence; 

-Rainy mood.

-10 hours of rain and thunder.

-3 hours of rain and thunder.

-Human heartbeat.

-Rainforest.

-Sound of rain on a tin roof.

-Autumn wind.

-Rain on a tent

-Traffic in the rain.

-Soft traffic. 

-Fan.

-Train.

-Simply noise.

-My noise.

-Rainy cafe.

Anxiety; 

-How to stop worrying. 

-Tips to manage anxiety and stress.

-The 10 best ever anxiety management techniques. 

-Self-help strategies for anxiety. 

-Helping a friend with anxiety. 

-All about worrying.

-8 myths about anxiety. 

Sad, angry and depressed/depression; 

-“I’m always sad”

-Feeling sad.

-Going through trauma.

-“I’m always angry”.

-Anger management. 

-All about anger.

-National helplines and websites.

-Self-help strategies for depression.

-Dealing with depression at work.

-Dealing with depression at school.

Isolation and loneliness; 

-Pets and mental health.

-All about loneliness. 

-“I feel so alone”

-10 more ideas to help with loneliness. 

-How to deal with loneliness.

 Self-harm;

-Alternatives to self-harm and distraction techniques.

-146 things to do besides self-harm.

-More alternatives to self-harm.

-Self-harm alternatives.

-How to take care of self-harm wounds/injuries.

-Getting rid of scars.  

Addiction; 

-How to help a friend with a drug addiction.

-What is addiction?

-All about alcohol and addiction.

-The facts about drug addiction.

 Eating disorders; 

-Helping a friend with an eating disorder.

-Eating disorder treatments. 

-Support services for eating disorders. 

-Self-help tips with eating disorders.

-Eating disorder recovery. 

-Recovering from an eating disorder. 

-100+ reasons to recover. 

-Understanding and managing eating disorders. 

 Dealing with self-hatred;  

-3 ways to ease self-loathing. 

-How to turn self-hatred into self-compassion.

-Self-hatred resources.

-10 step plan to deal with self-hate. 

 Suicidal; 

-International suicide hotlines (1)  (2)

-Preventing suicide. 

-Reasons to stay alive.

-Dealing with suicidal thoughts and feelings.

-Coping with suicidal ideation.  

 Schizophrenia;

-All about schizophrenia.  

-Helping a person with schizophrenia.  

-Understanding and dealing with schizophrenia.  

-Delusions and hallucinations.  

OCD;

-Managing your OCD at home. 

-Overcoming OCD.

-How to cope with OCD. 

-Strategies for dealing with the anxious moments. 

Borderline personality disorder; 

-Helping someone with BPD. 

-All about personality disorders.

-Treatment for BPD.

Abuse; 

-Healthy relationships VS abusive relationships. 

-Emotional abuse

-Overcoming sexual abuse. 

-Hotlines services. 

-5 ways to escape an abusive relationship. 

-Domestic violence support. 

-Signs of an abusive relationship. 

-What do to if you’re in an abusive relationship. 

-Surviving abuse. 

-What you can do if you’re sexual harassed. 

-Sexual assault support.

-What to do if you’ve been sexually assaulted or abused. 

 Bullying;

-How to stand up against bullying.

-How to protect yourself when it comes to cyber bullying.

-How to help stop people bullying you. 

 Loss and grief; 

-How to cope with a suicide of a loved one.

-Grieving for a stranger. 

-Common reactions to death. 

-Working through grief.

(Other loss and grief)

-Moving away from friends and family. 

-Coping with a breakup.

 Getting help; 

-Seeking help early. 

-All about psychological treatments. 

-Types of help.

-All about age and confidentiality. 

Things you need to remember; 

- Don’t stress about being fixed because you’re not broken.

-Remember to remind yourself of your accomplishments. Tell yourself that you’re proud of yourself, even if you’re not. 

- This is temporary. You won’t always feel like this. 

-You are not alone. 

-You are enough. 

-You are important. 

-You are worth it. 

-You are strong. 

-You are not a failure, 

-Good people exist. 

-Reaching out shows strength. 

-Breathe. 

-Don’t listen to the thoughts that are not helping you. 

-Give yourself credit. 

-Don’t be ashamed of your emotions, for the good or bad ones. 

-Treat yourself the same way as you would treat a good friend. 

-Focus on the things you can change. 

-Let go of toxic people. 

-You don’t need to hide, you’re allowed to feel the way you do. 

-Try not to beat yourself up. 

-Something is always happening, you don’t want to miss out on what’s going to happen next. 

-You are not a bother.

-Your existence is more than your appearance. 

-You are smart. 

-You are loved. 

-You are wanted. 

-You are needed. 

-Better days are coming. 

-Just because your past is dark, doesn’t mean your future isn’t bright. 

-You have more potential than you think. 

- Your value doesn’t decrease based on someone’s inability to see your worth.

Please remember to look after yourself and know that you are more than worth it and you deserve to be happy. Keep smiling butterflies x

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Best language learning tips & masterlists from other bloggers I’ve come across

(these posts are not my own!)

THE HOLY GRAIL of language learning (-> seriously tho, this is the BEST thing I’ve ever come across)

Tips:

Some language learning exercises and tips

20 Favorite Language Learning Tips

what should you be reading to maximize your language learning?

tips for learning a language (things i wish i knew before i started)

language learning and langblr tips

Tips on how to read in your target language for longer periods of time

Tips and inspiration from Fluent in 3 months by Benny Lewis

Tips for learning a sign language

Tips for relearning your second first language

How to:

how to self teach a new language

learning a language: how to

learning languages and how to make it fun

how to study languages

how to practice speaking in a foreign language

how to learn a language when you don’t know where to start

how to make a schedule for language learning

How to keep track of learning more than one language at the same time

Masterposts:

Language Study Master Post

Swedish Resources Masterpost

French Resouces Masterpost

Italian Resources Masterpost

Resource List for Learning German

Challenges:

Language-Sanctuary Langblr Challenge

language learning checkerboard challenge

Word lists:

2+ months of language learning prompts

list of words you need to know in your target language, in 3 levels

Other stuff:

bullet journal dedicated to language learning

over 400 language related youtube channels in 50+ languages

TED talks about language (learning)

Learning the Alien Languages of Star Trek

.

Feel free to reblog and add your own lists / masterlists!

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625 words to know

Italian version (English explanation and more resources here)

• Animali: il cane (dog), il gatto (cat), il pesce (fish), l’uccello (bird), la mucca (cow), il maiale (pig), il topo (mouse), il cavallo (horse), l’ala (wing), l’animale (animal), la zampa (paw)

• Mezzi di trasporto: il treno (train), l’aereo / l’aeroplano (plane), la macchina / l’auto / l’automobile (car), il camion (truck), la bici / la bicicletta (bicycle), il pullman / il bus (bus), la barca (boat), la nave (ship), la ruota (tire), il carburante (gasoline), il motore (engine), il biglietto (ticket), i mezzi di trasporto (transportation)

• Luoghi: la città (city), la casa (house), l’appartamento (apartment), la strada (street/road), l’aeroporto (airport), la stazione (train station), il ponte (bridge), l’albergo / l’hotel (hotel), il ristorante (restaurant), la fattoria (farm), il campo (court - sport), la scuola (school), l’ufficio (office), la stanza (room), la cittadina (town), l’università (university), il club (club), il bar (bar), il parco (park), il campeggio (camp), il negozio (store/shop), il teatro (theater), la biblioteca (library), l’ospedale (hospital), la chiesa (church), il mercato (market), la Nazione / il Paese (country (USA, France, etc.)), l’edificio (building), il terreno (ground), lo spazio (space (outer space)), la banca (bank), la posizione / il posto (location)

• Abbigliamento: il cappello (hat), il vestito (dress), il completo (suit), la gonna (skirt), la camicia (shirt), la maglietta (T-shirt), i pantaloni (trousers /pants), le scarpe (shoes), la tasca (pocket), il cappotto (coat), la macchia (stain), i vestiti / l’abbigliamento (clothing)

• Colori: il rosso (red), il verde (green), il blu (blue), l’azzurro (light blue), il giallo (yellow), il marrone (brown), il rosa (pink), l’arancione (orange), il nero (black), il bianco (white), il grigio (gray), il colore (color)

• Persone: il figlio (son), la figlia (daughter), la madre (mother), il padre (father), i genitori (parent (= mother/father)), il neonato (newborn) / il bambino (baby), l’uomo (man), la donna (woman), il fratello (brother), la sorella (sister), la famiglia (family), il nonno (grandfather), la nonna (grandmother), il marito (husband), la moglie (wife), il re (king), la regina (queen), il presidente (president), il vicino (neighbor), il ragazzo (boy), la ragazza (girl), il bambino (child (= boy/girl)) (la bambina, girl), l’adulto (adult (= man/woman)), l’essere umano / l’umano (human (≠ animal)), l’amico (friend), la vittima (victim), il giocatore (player), il tifoso / il fan /l’appassionato (fan), la folla (crowd), la persona (person), la gente / le persone (people)

• Lavoro: l’insegnante (teacher), lo studente (student), l’avvocato (lawyer), il medico (doctor), il paziente (patient), il cameriere (waiter), il segretario / la segretaria (secretary), il prete / il sacerdote (priest), il poliziotto (police man), la polizia (police), l’esercito (army), il soldato (soldier), l’artista (artist), l’autore (author), il manager / il dirigente (manager), il reporter / l’inviato (reporter), l’attore (actor), il lavoro (job)

• Società: la religione (religion), il paradiso (heaven), l’inferno (hell), la morte (death), la medicina (medicine), i soldi (money), il dollaro (dollar), la banconota ((dollar) bill), il matrimonio (marriage), il matrimonio / le nozze (wedding), la squadra (team), la razza (race (ethnicity)), il sesso / il rapporto sessuale (sex (the act)), il sesso (sex (gender)), l’omicidio / l’assassinio (murder), la prigione (prison), la tecnologia (technology), l’energia (energy), la guerra (war), la pace (peace), l’attacco (attack), l’elezione (election), la rivista (magazine), il quotidiano / il giornale (newspaper), il veleno (poison), la pistola (gun), lo sport (sport), la gara (sportiva) (race (sport)), fare esercizio (to exercise), l’esercizio (exercise), la palla (ball), il gioco (game), il prezzo (price), il contratto (contract), la droga (drug), il cartello (sign (traffic)), il simbolo (sign), la scienza (science), Dio (God)

• Arte: la band / il gruppo (band), la canzone (song), gli strumenti (musicali) (instrument (musical)), la musica (music), il film (movie), l’arte (art)

• Bevande: il caffé (coffee), il té (tea), il vino (wine), la birra (beer), il succo (juice), l’acqua (water), il latte (milk), la bevanda (beverage)

• Alimenti: l’uovo (egg), il formaggio (cheese), il pane (bread), la zuppa (soup), la torta (cake), il pollo (chicken), il maiale / la carne suina (pork), il manzo / la carne bovina (beef), la mela (apple), la banana (banana), l’arancia (orange), il limone (lemon), il mais / il granoturco (corn), il riso (rice), l’olio (oil), il seme (seed), il coltello (knife), il cucchiaio (spoon), la forchetta (fork), il piatto (plate), la tazza (cup), la colazione (breakfast), il pranzo (lunch), la cena (dinner), lo zucchero (sugar), il sale (salt), la bottiglia (bottle), il cibo / gli alimenti (food)

• In casa: il tavolo (table), la sedia (chair), il letto (bed), il sogno (dream), la finestra (window), la porta (door), la camera da letto (bedroom), la cucina (kitchen), il bagno (bathroom), la matita (pencil), la penna (pen), la fotografia (photograph), il sapone (soap), il libro (book), la pagina (page), la chiave (key), la vernice (paint), la lettera (letter), l’appunto (note), il muro (wall), il foglio (paper), il pavimento (floor), il soffitto (ceiling), il tetto (roof), la piscina (pool), la serratura (lock), il telefono (telephone), il giardino (garden), il cortile (yard), l’ago (needle), la borsa (bag), la scatola (box), il regalo (gift), la carta / la tessera / il tesserino (card), l’anello (ring), l’attrezzo (tool)

• Elettronica: l’orologio (clock), la lampada (lamp), il ventilatore (fan), il (telefono) cellulare (cell phone), il network / il lavoro online (network),il computer (computer), il programma (program (computer)), il laptop / il portatile  /il computer portatile (laptop), lo schermo (screen), la fotocamera (camera), il televisore (television), la radio (radio), l’elettronica (electronics)

• Corpo: la testa (head), il collo (neck), la faccia (face), la barba (beard), i capelli (hair), l’occhio (eye), la bocca (mouth), il labbro (lip), il naso (nose), il dente (tooth), l’orecchio (ear), la lacrima (tear (drop)), la lingua (tongue), la schiena (back), il dito del piede (toe), il dito (finger), il piede (foot), la mano (hand), la gamba (leg), il braccio (arm), la spalla (shoulder), il cuore (heart), il sangue (blood), il cervello (brain), il ginocchio (knee), il sudore (sweat), la malattia (disease), l’osso (bone), la voce (voice), la pelle (skin), il corpo (body)

• Natura: il mare (sea), l’oceano (ocean), il fiume (river), la montagna (mountain), la pioggia (rain), la neve (snow), l’albero (tree), il sole (sun), la luna (moon), il mondo (world), la Terra (Earth), la foresta (forest), il cielo (sky), la pianta (plant), il vento (wind), il terreno (soil/earth), il fiore (flower), la valle (valley), la radice (root), il lago (lake), la stella (star), l’erba (grass), la foglia (leaf), l’aria (air), la sabbia (sand), la spiaggia (beach), l’onda (wave), il fuoco (fire), il ghiaccio (ice), l’isola (island), la collina (hill), il calore / il riscaldamento (heat), la natura (nature)

• Materiali: il vetro (glass), il metallo (metal), la plastica (plastic), il legno (wood), la pietra (stone), la roccia (huge stone), il diamante (diamond), l’argilla (clay), la polvere (dust), l’oro (gold), il rame (copper), l’argento (silver), il bronzo (bronze), il mattone (brick), il materiale (material)

• Matematica/Misure: metro (meter), centimetro (centimeter), chilogrammo (kilogram), pollice (inch), piede (foot), libbra (pound), metà (half), il cerchio (circle), il quadrato (square), la temperatura (temperature), la data (date), il peso (weight), il bordo (edge), l’angolo (corner)

• Nomi vari: la mappa (map), il punto (dot), la consonante (consonant), la vocale (vowel), la luce (light), il suono (sound), il silenzio (silence), il rumore (noise), il buio (darkness), sì (yes), no (no), il pezzo (piece), il dolore (pain), l’infortunio (injury), il buco (hole), l’immagine (image), il motivo / la fantasia / il disegno (pattern), il nome (noun), il verbo (verb), l’aggettivo (adjective)

• Direzioni: sommità (top), fondo (bottom), lato (side), davanti (front), dietro (back), fuori (outside), dentro (inside), sopra (up), sotto (down), sinistra (left), destra (right), dritto (straight), nord (north), sud (south), est (east), ovest (west), la direzione (direction)

• Stagioni: l’estate (Summer), la primavera (Spring), l’inverno (Winter), l’autunno (Fall), la stagione (season)

• Numeri: 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 30, 31, 32, 40, 41, 42, 50, 51, 52, 60, 61, 62, 70, 71, 72, 80, 81, 82, 90, 91, 92, 100, 101, 102, 110, 111, 1000, 1001, 10000, 100000, milione (million), bilione (billion), primo (1st), secondo (2nd), terzo (3rd), quarto (4th), quinto (5th), il numero (number) [ HERE ]

• Mesi: gennaio (January), febbraio (February), marzo (March), aprile (April), maggio (May), giugno (June), luglio (July), agosto (August), settembre (September), ottobre (October), novembre (November), dicembre (December)

• Giorni della settimana: lunedì (Monday), martedì (Tuesday), mercoledì (Wednesday), giovedì (Thursday), venerdì (Friday), sabato (Saturday), domenica (Sunday)

• Tempo: l’anno (year), il mese (month), la settimana (week), il giorno (day), l’ora (hour), il minuto (minute), il secondo (second), la mattina / il mattino (morning), il pomeriggio (afternoon), la sera (evening), la notte (night), il tempo (time)

• Verbi: lavorare (work), giocare / suonare / recitare (play), camminare (walk), correre (run), guidare (drive), volare (fly), nuotare (swim), andare (go), fermarsi (stop), seguire (follow), pensare (think) parlare / dire (speak/say), mangiare (eat), bere (drink), uccidere (kill), morire (die), sorridere (smile), ridere (laugh), piangere (cry), comprare (buy), pagare (pay), vendere (sell), sparare (shoot(a gun)), imparare (learn), saltare (jump), odorare (smell), sentire (hear (a sound)), ascoltare (listen (music)), assaggiare (taste), toccare (touch), vedere (see (a bird)), guardare (watch (TV)), baciare (kiss), bruciare (burn), sciogliere (melt), scavare (dig), esplodere (explode), sedere/ sedersi (sit), stare in piedi (stand), amare (love), odiare (hate), passare / oltrepassare (pass by), tagliare (cut), combattere (fight), distendersi (lie down), ballare (dance), dormire (sleep), svegliarsi (wake up), cantare (sing), contare (count), sposare / sposarsi (marry), pregare (pray), vincere (win), (perdere (lose), mescolare (mix/stir), piegare (bend), lavare (wash), cucinare (cook), aprire (open), chiudere (close), scrivere (write), chiamare (call), girare (turn), costruire (build), insegnare (teach), crescere (grow), disegnare (draw), nutrire (feed), prendere / prendere al volo / afferrare (catch), lanciare (throw), pulire (clean), trovare (find), cadere (fall), spingere (push), tirare (pull), portare /trasportare (carry), rompere (break), indossare (wear), appendere (hang), tremare (shake), firmare (sign), battere / picchiare (beat), sollevare (lift)

• Aggettivi: lungo (long), corto (short (long)), alto (tall), basso (short (vs tall)), largo (wide), stretto (narrow), grande (big/large), piccolo (small/little), lento (slow), veloce (fast), caldo /bollente (hot), freddo (cold), caldo / tiepido (warm), fresco (cool), nuovo (new), vecchio (old (new)), giovane (young), vecchio / anziano (old (young)), buono (good), cattivo (bad), bagnato (wet), asciutto (dry), malato (sick), sano (healthy), rumoroso (loud), tranquillo / calmo / silenzioso (quiet), felice (happy), triste (sad), bello (beautiful), brutto (ugly), sordo (deaf), cieco (blind), carino (nice), meschino / cattivo (mean), ricco (rich), povero (poor), spesso (thick), sottile (thin), caro / costoso (expensive), economico / conveniente (cheap), piatto (flat), curvo (curved), maschile (male), femminile (female), stretto /aderente (tight), largo / allentato (loose), alto (high), basso (low), morbido (soft), duro (hard), profondo (deep), superficiale (shallow), pulito (clean), sporco (dirty), forte (strong), debole (weak), morto (dead), vivo (alive), pesante (heavy), leggero (light (heavy)), scuro (dark), chiaro (light (dark)), nucleare (nuclear), famoso (famous)

• Pronomi: (I) io, (you) tu, (he/she/it) lui / egli (m.), lei / ella (f.), esso (n.) (we) noi (you) voi (they) loro / essi (m.), loro / esse (f.), loro / essi (n.)

** go check @sayitalianohome to find more vocabularies’ and grammar posts

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beginner’s guide to the indie web

“i miss the old internet” “we’ll never have websites like the ones from the 90s and early 2000s ever again” “i’m tired of social media but there’s nowhere to go”

HOLD ON!

personal websites and indie web development still very much exist! it may be out of the way to access and may not be the default internet experience anymore, but if you want to look and read through someone’s personally crafted site, or even make your own, you can still do it! here’s how:

use NEOCITIES! neocities has a built in search and browse tools to let you discover websites, and most importantly, lets you build your own website from scratch for free! (there are other ways to host websites for free, but neocities is a really good hub for beginners!)

need help getting started with coding your website? sadgrl online has a section on her website dedicated to providing resources for newbie webmasters!

HTML (HyperText Markup Language) and CSS (Cascading Style Sheets) are the core of what all websites are built on. many websites also use JS (JavaScript) to add interactive elements to their pages. w3schools is a useful directory of quick reference for pretty much every HTML/CSS/JS topic you can think of.

there is also this well written and lengthy guide on dragonfly cave that will put you step by step through the basics of HTML/CSS (what webpages are made from), if that’s your sort of thing!

stack overflow is every programmer’s hub for asking questions and getting help, so if you’re struggling with getting something to look how you want or can’t fix a bug, you may be able to get your answer here! you can even ask if no one’s asked the same question before.

websites like codepen and jsfiddle let you test HTML/CSS/JS in your browser as you tinker with small edits and bugfixing.

want to find indie websites outside the scope of neocities? use the search engine marginalia to find results you actually want that google won’t show you!

you can also use directory sites like yesterweb’s link section to find websites in all sorts of places.

if you are going to browse the indie web or make your own website, i also have some more personal tips as a webmaster myself (i am not an expert and i am just a small hobbyist, so take me with a grain of salt!)

if you are making your own site:

get expressive! truly make whatever you want! customize your corner of the internet to your heart’s content! you have left the constrains of social media where every page looks the same. you have no character limit, image limit, or design limit. want to make an entire page or even a whole website dedicated to your one niche interest that no one seems to be into but you? go for it! want to keep a public journal where you can express your thoughts without worry? do it! want to keep an art gallery that looks exactly how you want? heck yeah! you are free now! you will enjoy the indie web so much more if you actually use it for the things you can’t do on websites like twitter, instead of just using it as a carrd bio alternative or a place to dump nostalgic geocities gifs.

don’t overwhelm yourself! if you’ve never worked with HTML/CSS or JS before, it may look really intimidating. start slow, use some guides, and don’t bite off more than you can chew. even if your site doesn’t look how you want quite yet, be proud of your work! you’re learning a skill that most people don’t have or care to have, and that’s pretty cool.

keep a personal copy of your website downloaded to your computer and don’t just edit it on neocities (or your host of choice) and call it a day. if for some reason your host were to ever go down, you would lose all your hard work! and besides, by editing locally and offline, you can use editors like vscode (very robust) or notepad++ (on the simpler side), which have more features and is more intuitive than editing a site in-browser.

you can use ctrl+shift+i on most browsers to inspect the HTML/CSS and other components of the website you’re currently viewing. it’ll even notify you of errors! this is useful for bugfixing your own site if you have a problem, as well as looking at the code of sites you like and learning from it. don’t use this to steal other people’s code! it would be like art theft to just copy/paste an entire website layout. learn, don’t steal.

don’t hotlink images from other sites, unless the resource you’re taking from says it’s okay! it’s common courtesy to download images and host them on your own site instead of linking to someone else’s site to display them. by hotlinking, every time someone views your site, you’re taking up someone else’s bandwidth.

if you want to make your website easily editable in the future (or even for it to have multiple themes), you will find it useful to not use inline CSS (putting CSS in your HTML document, which holds your website’s content) and instead put it in a separate CSS file. this way, you can also use the same theme for multiple pages on your site by simply linking the CSS file to it. if this sounds overwhelming or foreign to you, don’t sweat it, but if you are interested in the difference between inline CSS and using separate stylesheets, w3schools has a useful, quick guide on the subject.

visit other people’s sites sometimes! you may gain new ideas or find links to more cool websites or resources just by browsing.

if you are browsing sites:

if the page you’re viewing has a guestbook or cbox and you enjoyed looking at the site, leave a comment! there is nothing better as a webmaster than for someone to take the time to even just say “love your site” in their guestbook.

that being said, if there’s something on a website you don’t like, simply move on to something else and don’t leave hate comments. this should be self explanatory, but it is really not the norm to start discourse in indie web spaces, and you will likely not even be responded to. it’s not worth it when you could be spending your time on stuff you love somewhere else.

take your time! indie web doesn’t prioritize fast content consumption the way social media does. you’ll get a lot more out of indie websites if you really read what’s in front of you, or take a little while to notice the details in someone’s art gallery instead of just moving on to the next thing. the person who put labor into presenting this information to you would also love to know that someone is truly looking and listening.

explore! by clicking links on a website, it’s easy to go down rabbitholes of more and more websites that you can get lost in for hours.

seeking out fansites or pages for the stuff you love is great and fulfilling, but reading someone’s site about a topic you’ve never even heard of before can be fun, too. i encourage you to branch out and really look for all the indie web has to offer.

i hope this post helps you get started with using and browsing the indie web! feel free to shoot me an ask if you have any questions or want any advice. <3

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Writing x Characters When You Aren’t x, A Masterlist

x: a variable used to represent something unknown.

We’ve seen an influx of questions about how to write stories based around characters of color, disability, non-binary, etc. when the author does not fall into these categories. Rather than have these posts take over the site, we’ve decided to compile a list of resources to help our fellow writers become more educated about writing what they do not immediately know. However, this list is not the end-all-be-all of knowledge; one should always try to learn from someone with first hand experience in any topic. The world is constantly growing and changing, and because of that, there will always be more to learn. The admins at Plotline Hotline want to help writers form respectful, informed, and realistic characters that broaden the narrow range we see in literature today. 

*Be wary that some of the topics listed below contain sensitive material. Reader discretion is advised.* 

As always, the links I found to be especially apt will be in bold. Topics are listed alphabetically, excepting the “other” section.

Culture

Appropriate Cultural Appropriation

What is Cultural Appropriation? [1,2,3]

Cultural Appropriation Is, In Fact, Indefensible

Voice Appropriation & Writing About Other Cultures

Diversity, Appropriation, and Writing the Other [List]

Disability

Writing Disibilities [1,2,3,4,5]

Guides to Writing Deaf or Hard of Hearding People

National Association of the Deaf - Resources [List]

World Federation of the Deaf

Using a Prosthetic Device

Prostehtic Limbs (Character Guide)

How NOT to Write Disabled Characters

A Guide to Disibility Rights Law (United States)

Timeline of Disibility Rights in the United States

Social Security Disability: List of Impairments, Medical Conditions, and Problems [List] (United States)

How to Write Disabled Characters: An Opinion Piece

Artificial Eye Resources [List][Various]

Adapting to the Loss of an Eye

Misconceptions and Myths About Blindness

Blind Characters: A Process of Awareness

Writing Blind Characters [List]

Types of Learning Disabilities [List]

Diversity

A Guide to Spotting and Growing Past Stereotypes

How to Prepare to Write a Diverse Book

The Diversity of Writing

Why Diversity Matters for Everyone

Writing a Driverse Book [1,2,3,4,5]

Diversity, Political Correctness and The Power of Language

Diversity Book List [List][Books]

Basic Tips To Write Subcultures & Minority Religions Better 

Basic Tips to Avoid Tokenism

Gender

GLAAD Media Reference Guide - Transgender

Creating Well-Written Trans Characters

A Few Things Writers Need To Know About Sexuality & Gender Expression

Trans (Character Guide & Bio Building)

A Non-Binary Person’s Guide to Invented Pronouns

Gender Neutral Writing [List]

Keeping a Trans* Person a Person  

Suggestions for Reducing Gendered Terms in Language [Photo]

How to Review a Trans Book as a Cis Person

Writing Characters of Different Genders [List]

Understanding Gender

Gender Spectrum Resources [List]

Gender History

Illness 

Writing Chronic Illness [1,2]

The Spoon Theory - Also pertains to disibility

About HIV/AIDS

Sexually Transmitted Diseases [List]

Sexually Transmitted Infections

Sex and Gender Differences in Health [Study]

All Chronic Illness Topics [List]

Coping with Chronic Illness

All Cancer Types

A Day in the Life of a Home Health Aide/Health Coach

Fiction Books With Chronically Ill Main Characters- Not Cancer [List][Books]

Neurotype (Including Mental Health)

Writing an Autistic Character When You Don’t Have Autism

Depression Resources [List]

What to Consider When Writing Mental Illness

Stanford Psychiatric Patient Care

Inpatient Psychiatric Questions and Tips

Don’t Call Me Crazy [Documentary]

(Avoid) Romanticizing Mental Illness [1,2]

A Day in the Life of a Mental Hospital Patient

State-run vs. Private Mental Hospitals

Mental Disorders

Mental Hospital Non-Fiction [List][Books]

National Institute of Mental Health - Mental Health Information [List]

Writing Autistic

What Causes PTSD?

Remember, Remember: The Basics of Writing Amnesia

ADHD Basic Information

What is a Learning Disability?

What is Neurotypical?

Race

Writing Race: A Checklist for Authors

Transracial Writing for the Sincere

Is my character “black enough”

White Privilege: Unpacking the Invisible Knapsack

Challenge, Counter, Controvert: Subverting Expectations

Writing With Color: Blogs - Recs - Resources [List]

Writing People of Color (If you happen to be a person of another color)

7 Offensive Mistakes Well-Intentioned Writers Make

Description Guide - Words for Skin Tone

Religion

Religion in Novels: Terrific or Taboo?

How to Write a Fantasy Novel that Sells: The Religion

Writing About Faith And Religion

From Aladdin to Homeland: How Hollywood Can Reinforce Racial and Religious Stereotypes 

Sexuality

Understanding Sexual Orientation and Gender Identity [List]

Writing Gay Characters [1,2,3]

American Civil Liberties Union - LGBT+ Rights

LGBT+ Rights by Country or Territory

History of Gay Rights

Gay Rights Movement

LGBT+ Culture

Gay Myths and Stereotypes

LGBT+ Studies Web Sites [List]

LGBTQ Youth Issues

LGBTData.com

Overview of Gay and Lesbian Parenting, Adoption and Foster Care (United States)

Other

How Doctors’ Offices—and Queer Culture—Are Failing Autistic LGBTQ People

Five Traps and Tips for Character Development

Developing Realistic Characters

I hope that this list will provide topics a writer may not initially think to research when writing. If there are any resources that you think would be fitting for this list, please let us know! We want to have as many helpful sources as possible to maximize learning opportunities. 

Stay educated,

xx Sarah

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Cultural Dark Academia

here’s pt. 2

After my last post about the lack of representation in academia, I felt it neccessary to provide some examples of what I’m talking about. Obviously there are more countries in the world than I can list and provide books for, so for a quick list this is what I got. !! Keep researching !! If you have any more books by POC please reply them !! If a country isn’t listed, that doesn’t mean it’s not important, this is just what I could get together real quick. If I made any mistakes, please let me know, we’re all learning. We need to help each other end eurocentrism in academia, so value representation and educate yourselves 💓💓💓

Chinese:

The Art of War by Sun Tzu

The Dream of the Red Chamber

The Water Margin

Romance of the Three Kingdoms

The Journey to the West

The Scholars

The Peony Pavilion

Border Town by Congwen Shen

Half of Man is Woman by Zhang Xianliang

To Live by Yu Hua

Ten Years of Madness by agent Jicai

The Field of Life and Death & Tales of Hulan River by Xiao Hong

Japanese:

A Personal Matter by Kenzaburo Oë

Haruki Murakami

Pakistani:

Moth Smoke by Mohsin Hamid

How to Get Filthy Rich in Rising Asia by Mohsin Hamid

Ghulam Bagh by Mirza Athar Baig

Masterpieces of Urdu Nazm by K. C. Kanda

Irani/Persian:

Rooftops of Tehran by Mahbod Seraji

Savushun by Simin Daneshvar

Anything by Rumi

The Book of Kings by Ferdowsi

The Rubiyat by Omar Khayyam

Shahnameh (translation by Dick Davis)

Afghan:

Earth and Ashes by Atiq Rahimi

A Thousand Splendid Suns by Khaled Hosseini

Indian:

The God of Small Things by Arundhati Roy

Aithihyamala, Garland of Legends by Kottarathil Sankunni

The Gameworld Trilogy by Samir Basu

Filipino:

Twice Blessed by Ninotchka Rosca

The Last Time I Saw Mother by Arlene J. Chai

Brazilian:

The Patriot and The Sad End of Policarpo Quaresma by Lima Barreto

Broquéis by Cruz e Sousa

Don Casmurro by Machado de Assis

Colombian:

Chronicle of a Death Foretold by Gabriel Garcia Marquez

Delirio by Laura Restrepo

¡Que viva la música! by Andrés Caicedo

The Sound of Things Falling by Jim Gabriel Vásquez

Mexican:

Bless Me, Ultima by Rudolf Anaya

Adonis Garcia/El Vampiro de la Colonia Roma by Luis Zapata

El Complot Mongol by Rafael Bernal

Egyptian:

The Cairo Trilogy by Nahuib Mahfouz

The Book of the Dead

Nigerian:

Rosewater by Tade Thompson

Things Fall Apart by Chinua Achebe

Malian:

The Epic of Sundiata

Senegalese:

Poetry of Senghor

Native American:

The Inconvenient Indian by Thomas King

Starlight by Richard Wagamese

Almanac of the Dead by L. Silko

Fools Crow by James Welch

Indigenous Australian:

Dark Emu by Bruce Pascoe

First Footprints by Scott Cane

My Place by Sally Morgan

American//Modern:

Real Life by Brandon Taylor

Namesake by Jhumpa Lahiri

The Hate U Give by Angie Thomas

The Poet X by Elizabeth Acevedo

Internment by Samir’s Ahmed

Their Eyes Were Watching God by Zora Neale Hurtson

Rivers of London Series by Ben Aaronovitch

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Transition Words For Your Essays

Transition Signals:

Transitions are words and phrases that connect ideas and show how they are related.

To repeat and ideas just stated:

In other words,

That is,

To repeat,

Again,

To illustrate an idea:

For example,

For instance,

In particular,

To illustrate,

In this manner,

Thus,

To announce a contrast, a change in direction:

Yet,

However,

Still,

Nevertheless,

On the other hand,

In contrast,

Instead of,

On the contrary,

Conversely,

Notwithstanding,

In spite of this,

Time:

At once,

In the interim,

At length,

Immediately,

At last,

Meanwhile,

In the meantime,

Presently,

At the same time,

Shortly,

In the end,

Temporarily,

Thereafter,

To restate an idea more precisely:

To be exact,

To be specific,

To be precise,

More specifically,

More precisely,

To mark a new idea as an addition to what has been said:

Similarly,

Also,

Too,

Besides,

Furthermore,

Further,

Moreover,

In addition,

To show cause and effect:

As a result,

For this reason,

Thereafter,

Hence,

Consequently,

Accordingly,

Conclusion:

In short,

To conclude,

In brief,

On the whole,

In summary,

To sum up,

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Want to learn something new in 2022??

Absolute beginner adult ballet series (fabulous beginning teacher)

40 piano lessons for beginners (some of the best explanations for piano I’ve ever seen)

Excellent basic crochet video series

Basic knitting (probably the best how to knit video out there)

Pre-Free Figure Skate Levels A-D guides and practice activities (each video builds up with exercises to the actual moves!)

How to draw character faces video (very funny, surprisingly instructive?)

Another drawing character faces video

Literally my favorite art pose hack

Tutorial of how to make a whole ass Stardew Valley esque farming game in Gamemaker Studios 2??

Introduction to flying small aircrafts

French/Dutch/Fishtail braiding

Playing the guitar for beginners (well paced and excellent instructor)

Playing the violin for beginners (really good practical tips mixed in)

Color theory in digital art (not of the children’s hospital variety)

Retake classes you hated but now there’s zero stakes:

Calculus 1 (full semester class)

Learn basic statistics (free textbook)

Introduction to college physics (free textbook)

Introduction to accounting (free textbook)

Learn a language:

Ancient Greek

Latin

Spanish

German

Japanese (grammar guide) (for dummies)

French

Russian (pretty good cyrillic guide!)

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girlcoded

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