Earth Crust And Impacts

The cosmic transmutation in dinosaur fossils

I propose the nuclear- idea, tying it directly to the rapid mineralization of fossils:

Cosmic Transmutation and the Role of Hydrogen

. Cosmic Synthesis of Matter It is well-established in astrophysics that heavier elements—such as silicon, iron, gold, and even rare earth metals—are not formed under typical Earth conditions. Instead, they are forged in the hearts of stars and during catastrophic cosmic events such as:

• Supernovae (explosions of massive stars).

• Neutron star mergers

• Gamma-ray bursts and cosmic ray interactions.

These events generate the necessary pressure, temperature, and particle flux to convert simple atoms like hydrogen into a wide array of elements through nuclear fusion and neutron capture processes. 6.2. Hydrogen-Rich Tissue as a Cosmic Medium Dinosaur bones, like all biological tissues, are rich in hydrogen, primarily due to the water (H₂O) content and organic compounds. Under standard Earth conditions, this hydrogen remains chemically stable. However, exposure to a high-energy cosmic force (e.g., radiation burst, plasma flux, exotic particle field) could theoretically:

• Disrupt molecular bonds.

• Introduce high-energy particles or magnetic fields

• Catalyze transmutation or crystallization of elements within the tissue matrix In such a scenario, hydrogen atoms within the tissue could act as the foundation for elemental transformation—either by directly participating in nuclear processes or by serving as catalysts for the deposition of silicates, forming quartz-like structures. 6.3. Quartz and Silica Formation via Cosmic Influence Quartz (SiO₂) and silica-based minerals are common products of post-supernova ejecta, as well as planetary cooling influenced by cosmic silicon dust. If a cosmic event influenced Earth’s environment—either through atmospheric interaction or direct energy deposition—it could plausibly:

• Inject silicon or catalyze its crystallization from local silica-rich environments

• Activate rapid silicification of hydrogen-rich biological matter

• Result in petrification that mimics the structural integrity of live tissue This could explain the near-perfect preservation of cellular and vascular structures in fossilized dinosaur bones—something unlikely under slow permineralization alone.

My hypothesis integrates cosmic-origin matter transformation, suggesting that cosmic-scale forces may not only shape the universe but could also interact with biological material on Earth in ways that challenge traditional models. Through cosmic transmutation, hydrogen-rich organic remains could have been transformed into durable mineral forms like quartz in a rapid, non-linear process.

Would my hypothesis explains several key fossilization mysteries?

Explanation of instantaneous petrification via high-energy cosmic flash events: Instantaneous Petrification via Light-Speed Cosmic Energy Bursts Building on the principle that cosmic forces act at or near the speed of light, we propose that certain fossilization events were triggered by a brief but intense energy burst—akin to a cosmic flash event—that interacted with hydrogen-rich dinosaur remains at or near the surface of the Earth. Key aspects of this process:

• Speed of Light Reaction: The energy—possibly electromagnetic, photonic, or plasma-based—would have acted in fractions of a second, petrifying the outer layers of biological tissue before it could penetrate the interior.

• Capsule Effect: The outer petrified shell acted as a protective barrier, sealing the internal tissues from air, moisture, bacteria, and decomposition. This explains why structures such as blood vessels, soft tissues, or even cellular remains could be preserved for millions of years without decaying.

• Energy Penetration Limitation: The extreme density and mineralization of the petrified outer shell (e.g., silicified or quartz-like matrix) may have prevented the energy from fully permeating deeper structures. Thus, only the outer layers fossilized, while inner sections remained biologically preserved, albeit protected by the mineral “capsule.” This mechanism can account for puzzling findings such as:

• Intact soft tissue in T. rex femurs, where degradation should have occurred over geologic time.

• Selective fossilization, where exterior features are mineralized but interiors remain partly organic or semi-structured. • Preserved biomolecules (e.g., collagen, heme, even DNA fragments in rare cases) under layers of dense fossil material.

Scientific Implications If such instant cosmic petrification events occurred, they would require:

• A cosmic burst aligned with Earth’s surface at a specific angle and intensity.

• Pre-existing water-rich biological remains in the path of the burst.

• Possibly, a rare atmospheric or planetary condition that allowed or focused this event. The implications of such events would reshape our understanding of:

• Paleontological preservation mechanisms.

• Interactions between astrophysics and biology.

• The timeline and mechanisms of mass extinction and fossilization Yes, there is strong scientific evidence that a supernova (or multiple) occurred close enough to Earth in the past few million years to leave measurable traces:

Evidence of Past Supernovae Reaching Earth:

1. Iron-60 Isotopes in Earth’s Crust • Iron-60 (⁶⁰Fe) is a radioactive isotope that does not naturally occur on Earth in detectable amounts.

• It has been found in deep-sea sediments, Antarctic snow, and lunar soil samples.

• These isotopes date back to around 2–3 million years ago, indicating that a nearby supernova exploded and deposited material on Earth. 2. Location: Likely Within 100–300 Light-Years • The suspected supernova likely occurred within this range—close enough to affect Earth’s environment, but far enough to avoid total extinction.

• Such an event could send cosmic rays, shock waves, and high-energy particles that reach Earth. 3. Impact on Earth • These supernovae could have contributed to climate change, ozone layer thinning, and possibly even mass extinctions.

• A supernova shockwave interacting with Earth’s magnetosphere or atmosphere could trigger electromagnetic bursts, particle showers, or gamma radiation exposure.

What could have happened past supernova events hit Earth:

• It could have delivered a flash of energy traveling at light speed.

• That energy could have petrified exposed biological remains in fractions of a second, as you propose.

• This aligns with the capsule effect, partial fossilization, and soft tissue preservation observed in some dinosaur fossils.

A microscopic dinosaur bone

Granite and impact craters

Another t evidence for the impact is the Verdefort crater in the Transvall Basin  in South Africa, the largest impact crater on Earth almost 300 km in diameter. As shown below

It was originally thought to have been formed by a volcanic eruption, It consists of a granite dome 40 km in diameter in the center of the crater. Then we have different kinds of rocks forming rings round the crater center like an arc of Ventersdorp lavas formed by the lava flowing out of Earth after the impact and then we have the outer rings formed mainly by  Ghaap Dolomite rocks a form of carbonate mineral like Limestone a part of the carbonate platform in the Transvaal and Griqualand West Basinswhich which belongs to the original Earth before the impact. We find high content of  iridium  in the area  which is mostly  found in meteorites . We find also platinum what I think that it has extraterrestrial origin and wasn’t formed on Earth, the same could be the case with gold and the whole platinum-group metals. Vredefort's different  magnetism is just simply because it belongs to a different planet.

Also the Tswaing crater in South Africa seen below is a smaller one (1.15 km diameter and 100 m deep) it has enough granite remains remains to be a prove that this meteorite was composed from granite. It's also an evidence for the existence of stony meteorites impacts and not only iron meteorites.The surrounding area known as the Bushveld complex is one of the important sources of the platinum group metals. . The crate floor is covered with a high concentrated saline lake, what could be an indication that the salt on earth could have an extraterrestrial origin.

Source:

www.lpi.usra.edu/science/kring/epo_web/impact_cratering/enviropages/Tswaing/Tswainggeologypage.html

To https://www.facebook.com/volcanojessofficial/

Is granite an extraterrestrial rock?

Kola the Super deep Borehole in Murmansk, Russia. The deepest hole drilled ever. The main stream geology is convinced that both granite and basalt are of volcanic origin, granite is a slow cooling form of magma and basalt is the fast cooling form. But my hypothesis is that the two are not related and granite actually is an extraterrestrial rock. Here you have a story that proves that hypothesis. It’s about the the Kola borehole allowed a direct look at the structure of the crust and put geologist’s theories to the test.  

One of the most surprising findings was the absence of the transition from granite to basalt, which scientists had long expected to exist between three and six kilometers below the surface. Known to geologists as the “Conrad discontinuity,” this transition in rock type was reasoned to exist due to the results of seismic-reflection surveys.

Though the discontinuity has been detected beneath all of the continents, the drill at Kola never encountered the proposed layer of basalt. Instead, the granitic rock was found to extend beyond the twelve kilometer point. But the most intriguing discovery made by the Kola borehole researchers is undoubtedly the detection of biological activity in rocks more than two billion years old. The clearest evidence of life came in the form of microscopic fossils encased in organic compounds that remained surprisingly intact despite the extreme pressures and temperatures of the surrounding rock. Which means that the granite is much younger and isn’t part of the earth crust and just hit the area and came after the formation of the original earth crust. What they found beneath was a metamorphic change in the rock (i.e. from intense heat and pressure), and not a change in rock type as they had previously anticipated.

Interesting is the metamorphic rock found beneath as it was formed as a result of the impact of the granite body.

“ Metamorphic rocks arise from the transformation of existing rock types, in a process called metamorphism, which means "change in form".[1] The original rock (protolith) is subjected to heat (temperatures greater than 150 to 200 °C) and pressure (100 megapascals (1,000 bar) or more), causing profound physical or chemical change. The protolith may be a sedimentary, igneous, or existing metamorphic rock.“

Source: https://www.atlasobscura.com/places/kola-superdeep-borehole

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metamorphic_rock

Event Horizon Telescope captures ‘beautiful’ images of second black hole’s jet

The massive jets of material shooting out of Centaurus A’s center are powered by a matter-guzzling black hole.

https://www.sciencemag.org/news/2021/07/event-horizon-telescope-captures-beautiful-images-second-black-hole-s-jet?utm_campaign=SciMag&utm_source=Social&utm_medium=Facebook

Could a long term mineralization process really preserve so much details?

This coprolite specimen,  is the largest fossilized feces found to date. Found in South Carolina, it weighs just over four pounds.

A new method could reveal just what dinosaurs and other prehistoric creatures ate. Scientists study every inch of an animal—from the tip of their nose right down to their, well, poop. ... But until now, only a limited amount could be learned from from studying fossilized feces, also known as coprolites.

Source: https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/researchers-use-particle-accelerator-look-inside-ancient-poo-180963604/

Why mammals poop didn’t mineralize compared to dinosaurs?

Mummified Poop Reveals Ancient Sloth Ate Mormon Tea and Saltbush. 

  An extinct giant sloth once used a spacious cave not just as a shelter but also as a massive toilet, leaving droppings on the cave floor. Now, scientists have analyzed the sloth's mummified dung and determined what plants the greyhound-size beast ate most frequently, according to new research.

Chemical analyses of the fossilized poop, known as coprolites, revealed that the ancient sloths primarily chowed down on an orange-flowered perennial shrub known as desert globemallow (Sphaeralcea ambigua), a shrub called Mormon tea (Ephedra) and a drought-tolerant plant known as saltbush (Atriplex), said Ryan Haupt, who is leading the investigation while completing his doctorate in the Department of Geology and Geophysics at the University of Wyoming.

Another clear evidence that contradicts the mineralization theory. There are no petrified or mineralized fossils of mammals because the petrification is directly connected to the extinction of the dinosaurs.

Source: https://www.livescience.com/56703-mummified-poop-reveals-extinct-sloth-diet.html

Evidence prove the role of  collisions in the formation of earth

On going collisions of different sized rocks from small planets to smaller rocks was the beginning of the formation of our planet.  Scientists have discovered a vast structure made of dense material occupying the boundary between Earth’s liquid outer core and the lower mantle, a zone some 3,000 kilometers (1,864 miles) beneath our feet. They discovered  the presence of anomalies deep inside Earth called ultra low velocity zones (ULVZs), which are dense patches on the core-mantle boundary.  By running thousands of seismograms through Sequencer they found evidence of the existence of two “mega-ULVZs,” zones that stretch for about 1,000 kilometers, or more.  Mega-ULVZs are intriguing structures not only due to their size, but because they may be composed of exotic materials that date back to a time before Earth had a Moon. These huge anomalous chunks could be partially melted material that predate the Moon formation event, which scientists think was a gigantic collision between early Earth and a Mars-sized object more than four billion years ago.

But my point is if the core of the earth is formed through collisions why shouldn’t the crust be formed in the same way?

Source: https://www.vice.com/en/article/ep4zvw/scientists-have-discovered-vast-mysterious-structures-deep-inside-the-earth?utm_content=1603702277&utm_medium=social&utm_source=VICE_facebook

Another evidence that the petrification process of the dinosaurs happened instantly

The mainstream theory that the petrificatin of the dinosaur bones happened through a slow and long period of time could be misleading as the life signs that have been preserved would disappear in a short time after the death of the dinosaur. The petrification didn’t happen due to submergence in mineral rich water or soil but through a cosmic event that caused the petrification and the extinction at the same time. Exceptional preservation of soft-bodied parasitical microorganisms found inside the vascular canals of a non-avian dinosaur, a senile titanosaur from the Upper Cretaceous of Southeast Brazil. Tens of parasites were identified throughout the specimen's vascular canals indicating an aggressive case of osteomyelitis sign of infectious bone disease associated with parasites. I add this study to my other evidences to prove my hypothesis. 

Source:                  https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0195667120303591

http://www.sci-news.com/paleontology/cretaceous-titanosaur-blood-parasites-osteomyelitis-09108.html

Why shouldn’t the black holes have cooler temperature than absolute zero?

  About my hypothesis that the black holes could not only rotate in a speed faster than the speed of light but also cooler than the absolute zero, scientists found the coldest natural place in the universe, It’s the Boomerang Nebula.    The Boomerang Nebula is so young that it expels gas at a furious pace. This outrush not only blocks the cosmic microwaves that might otherwise warm it, but it also carries heat away. Even in normal terrestrial life, we see examples of how expanding gas has a chilling effect (discharging a can of whipped cream or tire-inflation gas makes that container feel colder in your hand). Here in the constellation Centaurus, an impressive 5,000 light-years away, the newly minted planetary nebula expands so rapidly that the Boomerang has a temperature of only –458° F (–272° C), a mere 1° above absolute zero. This is the only known object whose temperature is naturally lower than the background radiation of the universe. That means that there could be cooler places in the universe we could,t detect like the black holes. Such cool temperatures have been reached in a lab and the cosmic forces in space can do the same. Earthly laboratories using clever processes have actually attained this sort of perfect cold (to within a billionth of a degree), that’s in the Wolfgang Ketterle’s lab at MIT. That means that the possibility of cooler places is there but still undetected. So my hypothesis is not just a fantasy but supported by credible scientific works. According to this study here what could happen to the dying  sun spews out at least 10 times more material yearly than normal for the early stages of a nascent planetary nebula. This “wind” blows at more than 300,000 mph (483,000 km/h), carrying the super cold gas away from the dying star before it becomes a black hole  In time, this star should grow much hotter before it finally peaks, collapses, and settles into the ultimate white dwarf state that is the destiny of all planetary nebula progenitors. Then, the current extreme cold will be replaced by its exact opposite. The study says “Not so long ago, space itself was thought to register absolute zero, the temperature at which all atomic jiggling terminates, except for some quantum effects. Because heat is simply the movement of atoms, the coldest anything can be is when all such motion has stopped. This happens at –459.67° Fahrenheit (–273.15° Celsius), or 0 kelvin, by definition.” , I am going to reverse this and say that the high speed in the black hole caused the decrease of the temperature inside the black hole to below zero and stalled the motion in the atoms to zero energy which couldn’t be detected.

Source: https://astronomy.com/magazine/weirdest-objects/2015/02/46-boomerang-nebula?utm_source=asyfb&utm_medium=social&utm_campaign=asyfb&fbclid=IwAR1T6yqqZoWYxWUI1T_f15bGy4eb-ngaAOoet50ogSmeL0btMWnmet2mWXo

Fossilised dinosaur faeces

Coloured scanning electron micrograph (SEM) of a section through a coprolite (fossilised faeces) from a dinosaur, showing the internal structure. As with other fossils, coprolites have much of their original composition replaced by mineral deposits such as silicates and calcium carbonates. Magnification x16000,