Matilda's Got All The Shades To Grey To Throw At You

This man inspired my very first feature length screenplay. I'm very sad to hear he's gone

Stanislav Petrov, 'The Man Who Saved The World,' Dies At 77

Petrov was on overnight duty in 1983 when computers indicated the U.S. had launched a nuclear strike against his country. He had only a few nerve-jangling minutes to act.

Stanislav Petrov was on overnight duty in 1983 when computers indicated the U.S. had launched a nuclear strike against his country. He had only a few nerve-jangling minutes to act. “ … they were lucky it was me on shift that night,” he says. 

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Rachel C Lewis | @wnq-quoteoftheday | @wordsnquotes-online

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Mars is the third solar body inhabited by humans. (cir. 2029)

Ten interesting facts about Mars

The ancient Sumerians believed that Mars was Nergal, the god of war and plague. During Sumerian times, Nergal was a minor deity of little significance, but, during later times, his main cult center was the city of Nineveh. In Mesopotamian texts, Mars is referred to as the “star of judgement of the fate of the dead”. The existence of Mars as a wandering object in the night sky was recorded by the ancient Egyptian astronomers and, by 1534 BCE, they were familiar with the retrograde motion of the planet. By the period of the Neo-Babylonian Empire, the Babylonian astronomers were making regular records of the positions of the planets and systematic observations of their behavior. For Mars, they knew that the planet made 37 synodic periods, or 42 circuits of the zodiac, every 79 years. They invented arithmetic methods for making minor corrections to the predicted positions of the planets.

Mars is the fourth planet from the Sun and the second-smallest planet in the Solar System after Mercury.

The bright rust color Mars is known for is due to iron-rich minerals in its regolith — the loose dust and rock covering its surface. The soil of Earth is a kind of regolith, albeit one loaded with organic content. According to NASA, the iron minerals oxidize, or rust, causing the soil to look red.

The rotational period and seasonal cycles of Mars are likewise similar to those of Earth, as is the tilt that produces the seasons. Mars is the site of Olympus Mons, the largest volcano and second-highest known mountain in the Solar System, and of Valles Marineris, one of the largest canyons in the Solar System.

Mars has two moons, Phobos and Deimos, which are small and irregularly shaped. These may be captured asteroids, similar to 5261 Eureka, a Mars trojan.

There are ongoing investigations assessing the past habitability potential of Mars, as well as the possibility of extant life. Future astrobiology missions are planned, including the Mars 2020 and ExoMars rovers. Liquid water cannot exist on the surface of Mars due to low atmospheric pressure, which is less than 1% of the Earth’s, except at the lowest elevations for short periods. The two polar ice caps appear to be made largely of water. The volume of water ice in the south polar ice cap, if melted, would be sufficient to cover the entire planetary surface to a depth of 11 meters (36 ft). In November 2016, NASA reported finding a large amount of underground ice in the Utopia Planitia region of Mars. The volume of water detected has been estimated to be equivalent to the volume of water in Lake Superior.

Mars can easily be seen from Earth with the naked eye, as can its reddish coloring. Its apparent magnitude reaches −2.91, which is surpassed only by Jupiter, Venus, the Moon, and the Sun. Optical ground-based telescopes are typically limited to resolving features about 300 kilometers (190 mi) across when Earth and Mars are closest because of Earth’s atmosphere.

Like Earth, Mars has differentiated into a dense metallic core overlaid by less dense materials. Current models of its interior imply a core with a radius of about 1,794 ± 65 kilometers (1,115 ± 40 mi), consisting primarily of iron and nickel with about 16–17% sulfur. This iron(II) sulfide core is thought to be twice as rich in lighter elements as Earth’s. The core is surrounded by a silicate mantle that formed many of the tectonic and volcanic features on the planet, but it appears to be dormant. Besides silicon and oxygen, the most abundant elements in the Martian crust are iron, magnesium, aluminum, calcium, and potassium. The average thickness of the planet’s crust is about 50 km (31 mi), with a maximum thickness of 125 km (78 mi). Earth’s crust averages 40 km (25 mi).

Mars lost its magnetosphere 4 billion years ago, possibly because of numerous asteroid strikes, so the solar wind interacts directly with the Martian ionosphere, lowering the atmospheric density by stripping away atoms from the outer layer. Both Mars Global Surveyor and Mars Expresshave detected ionised atmospheric particles trailing off into space behind Mars, and this atmospheric loss is being studied by the MAVEN orbiter. Compared to Earth, the atmosphere of Mars is quite rarefied.

Mars’s average distance from the Sun is roughly 230 million kilometres (143,000,000 mi), and its orbital period is 687 (Earth) days. The solar day (or sol) on Mars is only slightly longer than an Earth day: 24 hours, 39 minutes, and 35.244 seconds. A Martian year is equal to 1.8809 Earth years, or 1 year, 320 days, and 18.2 hours

Mars is scarred by a number of impact craters: a total of 43,000 craters with a diameter of 5 km (3.1 mi) or greater have been found. The largest confirmed of these is the Hellas impact basin, a light albedo feature clearly visible from Earth. Due to the smaller mass of Mars, the probability of an object colliding with the planet is about half that of Earth. Mars is located closer to the asteroid belt, so it has an increased chance of being struck by materials from that source. Mars is more likely to be struck by short-period comets, i.e., those that lie within the orbit of Jupiter. In spite of this, there are far fewer craters on Mars compared with the Moon, because the atmosphere of Mars provides protection against small meteors and surface modifying processes have erased some craters.

Martian craters can have a morphology that suggests the ground became wet after the meteor impacted.

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images: NASA/JPL-Caltech/Univ. of Arizona , ESA, Tunç Tezel

astronomy facts

This is why you should always speak your mind

I made the top comment on the Star Wars Facebook, criticizing the Benioff and Weiss hire.

I present: comments from three hundred upset men (and women!) and why none of them have shaken my belief in how bad a hire this is.

I knew my remark would be unpopular and met with nasty comments, misguided statements about Game of Thrones and the film industry, insinuations that there aren’t any good women or nonwhite directions, couple of lewd comments about my sex life. There is truth to the adage: Facebook is a cesspool.

What I didn’t know is that I would get enough attention to make the top comment.

At the time of writing, sixty hours after initial posting, it’s running a little less than 80% laugh reactions—so, people thinking I’m a moron—and it’s running about 1,100 reactions and 324 replies.

Unfortunately for my would-be adversaries, I don’t debate on Facebook and it is a favorite pastime to read the vitriol and mediocre hash slung in my direction as if it’ll have any effect on my self-esteem. Fortunately, you don’t have to do the same. I present: the major response patterns and why they don’t hold any water.

Tell this museum how you're feeling and it'll text you back a piece of art

When you text San Francisco Museum of Modern Art how you're feeling, it responds with a work of art that captures your mood.

When you text San Francisco Museum of Modern Art how you’re feeling, it responds with a work of art that captures your mood.

GUYS! We live in an amazing world! I just texted the San Francisco Museum of Modern Art, “send me food,” and they sent me a picture of vegetables from their collection. My boyfriend texted them the cactus emoji and they sent back a picture of a cactus. This is blowing my mind!

Helicopters Arrive at National Archives for Exhibit Opening

Last night, the North Carolina Vietnam Helicopter Pilots Association installed three Vietnam War-era aircraft on the lawn of the US National Archives. The Vietnam veterans will be giving tours of the helicopters starting today and the “Remembering Vietnam” exhibit opens to the public this Friday, November 10.

Read more about the exhibit opening here. See a timelapse of the helicopter installation on the National Archives Foundation Facebook page. 

My kind of lady

Happy birthday, Marie Curie! In 1903, Curie and her husband shared a Nobel Prize in Physics for the discovery of radium and polonium. She was the first woman to win this award and later, the first woman to become a professor at the University of Paris. In 1911 she won another Nobel Prize, this time in chemistry, for producing radium as a pure metal and for further studies on radioactive elements. During World War I, she devoted herself to using radioactivity to help people. She set up mobile x-ray vehicles for soldiers in France, which were nicknamed petites Curies (“little Curies”). In the 1920s, radium was considered a miracle cure—you could even buy “Radium” brand butter, cigarettes, and beer. We now know that radioactivity itself causes cancer, but thanks to Curie, radiation therapy is still used today as an effective way to target cancerous tissues. Photo: Tekniska museet