Empathy for others’ pain rooted in cognition rather than sensation
The ability to understand and empathize with others’ pain is grounded in cognitive neural processes rather than sensory ones, according to the results of a new study led by University of Colorado Boulder researchers.
The findings show that the act of perceiving others’ pain (i.e., empathy for others’ pain) does not appear to involve the same neural circuitry as experiencing pain in one’s own body, suggesting that they are different interactions within the brain.
“The research suggests that empathy is a deliberative process that requires taking another person’s perspective rather than being an instinctive, automatic process,” said Tor Wager, the senior author of the study, director of the Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience Laboratory and Professor of Psychology and Neuroscience at CU-Boulder.
A study detailing the results was published online today in the journal eLife.
Empathy is a key cornerstone of human social behavior, but the complex neural interactions underlying this behavior are not yet fully understood. Previous hypotheses have suggested that the same brain regions that allow humans to feel pain in their own bodies might activate when perceiving the pain of others.
To test this idea, the researchers compared patterns of brain activity in human volunteers as they experienced moderate pain directly (via heat, shock, or pressure) in one experimental session, and watched images of others’ hands or feet being injured in another experimental session. When volunteers watched images, they were asked to try to imagine that the injuries were happening to their own bodies.
The researchers found that the brain patterns when the volunteers observed pain did not overlap with the brain patterns when the volunteers experienced pain themselves. Instead, while observing pain, the volunteers showed brain patterns consistent with mentalizing, which involves imagining another person’s thoughts and intentions.
The results suggest that within the brain, the experience of observing someone else in pain is neurologically distinct from that of experiencing physical pain oneself.
“Most previous studies focused only on the points of similarity between these two distinct experiences in a few isolated brain regions while ignoring dissimilarities. Our new study used a more granular analysis method,” said Anjali Krishnan, the lead author of the study and a post-doctoral research associate in the Institute of Cognitive Science at CU-Boulder while the research was conducted. She is currently an assistant professor at Brooklyn College of the City University of New York.
This new analysis method identified an empathy-predictive brain pattern that can be applied to new individuals to obtain a brain-related ‘vicarious pain score,’ opening new possibilities for measuring the strength of activity in brain systems that contribute to empathy.
The results may open new avenues of inquiry into how the brain regions involved in empathy help humans to relate to others when they experience different types of pain. Future studies may also explore the factors that influence one’s ability to adopt another’s perspective and whether it might be possible to improve this ability.
In her poem “Black Joke” poet Taylor Steele highlights the most common jokes White people throw at Black people. She perfectly explains how unthoughtful it is of people to say such things and how an intention to come off as funny turns you into a racist. Next time you come up with a witty remark, think twice before letting unwholesome word proceed from your mouth.
Full poem
#BlackLivesMatter
A selection of reads centered around feminism, written by women of color for women of color.
“Feminism: A Movement to End Sexist Oppression” (from Feminist Theory: From Margin to Center)
Feminism Is For Everybody: Passionate Politics
Feminist Class Struggle
“Feminism and Class Politics”, a specific chapter from the book here.
The Oppositional Gaze: Black Female Spectators.
Understanding Patriarchy
Talking Back: Thinking Feminist, Thinking Black
Selling Hot Pussy: Representations of Black Female Sexuality in the Cultural Marketplace.
“Romance: Sweet Love” (from Women’s Voices, Feminist Visions, 4th Ed. By S. Shaw and J. Lee)
Woman, Native, Other: Writing Postcoloniality and Feminism - Trinh T. Minh-Ha
”Lynching, Empire, and Sexuality in Black Feminist Theory“ -Hazel V. Carby
”Transnational Feminist Pedagogy: An Interview with Inderpal Grewal and Caren Kaplan“
”Under Western Eyes: Feminist Scholarship and Colonial Discourses“ by Chandra Talpade Mohanty
”Feminist Problematizations of Rights Language“ by Jasbir Puar and Isabelle Barker
Feminist Genealogies, Colonial Legacies, Democratic Futures by M. Jacqui Alexander & Chandra Talpade Mohanty
”The Subject of Freedom“ by Saba Mahmood
The Spivak Reader
Borderlands/La Frontera by Gloria Anzaldúa
”Colonialism, Nationalism, and Colonialized Women: The Contest in India“ by Partha Chatterjee
”Can the Subaltern Speak?“ Gayatri Spivak
The Politics of the Veil - Joan W. Scott
”Decolonizing Feminism: Challenging Connections between Settler Colonialism and Heteropatriarchy“ by Maile Arvin, Eve Tuck, and Angie Morrill
”Native American Feminism, Sovereignty, and Social Change“ by Andrea Smith
Read on Trascender Magazine
Check out this robotic hand which can touch and feel, improving perception and reflexes for its user. [ Δ ]
Sources:
Menstruation Facts
68 Random Facts about Menstruation
History of the Tampon
The collapsing value of the pound in the wake of Britain’s vote to leave the European Union is frightening news for the country’s economy — but great news for Americans itching to plan a last minute summer vacation.
“Schrödinger’s Smoke. We describe a new approach for the purely Eulerian simulation of incompressible fluids. In it, the fluid state is represented by a ℂ²-valued wave function evolving under the Schrödinger equation subject to incompressibility constraints.” YouTube.
This Private 787 Dreamliner Jet Is Even More Luxurious Than You Can Imagine
Asexuality is an orientation in which a person does not experience sexual attraction to any sex and/or gender. They do not feel an intrinsic desire to make sex a part of their relationships with other people. However they may still be able to experience other types of attraction, and desire relationships with other people.
Check out the following websites to learn more about asexuality, join in on the community, and/or help increase asexual visibility and education.
Asexual Visibility and Education Network
International Asexuality Conference (Worldpride Toronto 2014 Affiliate Event) (June 28, 2014)
Asexual Things (asexual vis/ed tumblr blog)
Frequently Asked Questions
Asexuality Websites/Blogs/etc
Dear Readers,Welcome to my personal blog. I'm Sabyasachi Naik (Zico,24).An Agnostic,deeply NON religious(atheist), and Secular Progressive Civil Engineer . I'm brown and proud to be an Indian tribe. “I want to say a word to the Brahmins: In the name of God, religion, sastras you have duped us. We were the ruling people. Stop this life of cheating us from this year. Give room for rationalism and humanism.” ― Periyar E.V. Ramasamy
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