Kiss Me In The Doorwaaaay Always On Your Way Out I’m Tryin To Make You Stay So We Can Make Ouuuut

so I got into grad school today with my shitty 2.8 gpa and the moral of the story is reblog those good luck posts for the love of god

Preindustrial travel, and long explanations on why different distances are like that

Update March 1, 2024: Hey there folks, here's yet another update! I reposted Part 2a (the "medieval warhorses" tangent) to my writing blog, and I went down MORE of the horse-knowledge rabbit hole! https://www.tumblr.com/jadevine/741423906984951808/my-post-got-cut-off-so-i-added-the-rest-of-it Update Jan 30, 2024: Hey folks, I've posted the updated version of this post on my blog, so I don't have to keep frantically telling everyone "hey, that's the old version of this post!" https://thebalangay.wordpress.com/2024/01/29/preindustrial-travel-times-part-1/

I should get the posts about army travel times and camp followers reformatted and posted to my blog around the end of the week, so I'll filter through my extremely tangled thread for them.

Part 2 - Preindustrial ARMY travel times: https://www.tumblr.com/jadevine/739342239113871360/now-for-a-key-aspect-that-many-people-often-ask

Part 2a - How realistic warhorses look and act, because the myth of "all knights were mounted on huge clunky draft horses" just refuses to die: https://www.tumblr.com/jadevine/732043691180605440/helpful-things-for-action-writers-to-remember

Part 3 - Additional note about camp followers being regular workers AND sex-workers: https://www.tumblr.com/jadevine/740604203134828544/reblogging-the-time-looped-version-of-my

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I saw a post on my main blog about how hiking groups need to keep pace with their slowest member, but many hikers mistakenly think that the point of hiking is "get from Point A to Point B as fast as possible" instead of "spending time outdoors in nature with friends," and then they complain that a new/less-experienced/sick/disabled hiker is spoiling their time-frame by constantly needing breaks, or huffing and puffing to catch up.

I run into a related question of "how long does it take to travel from Point A to Point B on horseback?" a lot, as a fantasy writer who wants to be SEMI-realistic; in the Western world at least, our post-industrial minds have largely forgotten what it's like to travel, both on our own feet and in groups.

People ask the new writer, "well, who in your cast is traveling? Is getting to Point B an emergency or not? What time of year is it?", and the newbies often get confused as to why they need so much information for "travel times." Maybe new writers see lists of "preindustrial travel times" like a primitive version of Google Maps, where all you need to do is plug in Point A and Point B.

But see, Google Maps DOES account for traveling delays, like different routes, constructions, accidents, and weather; you as the person will also need to figure in whether you're driving a car versus taking a bus/train, and so you'll need to figure out parking time or waiting time for the bus/train to actually GET THERE.

The difference between us and preindustrial travelers is that 1) we can outsource the calculations now, 2) we often travel for FUN instead of necessity.

The general rule of thumb for preindustrial times is that a healthy and prime-aged adult on foot, or a rider/horse pair of fit and prime-aged adults, can usually make 20-30 miles per day, in fair weather and on good terrain.

Why is this so specific? Because not everyone in preindustrial times was fit, not everyone was healthy, not everyone was between the ages of 20-35ish, and not everyone had nice clear skies and good terrain to travel on.

If you are too far below 18 years old or too far past 40, at best you will need either a slower pace or more frequent breaks to cover the same distance, and at worst you'll cut the travel distance in half to 10 or so miles. Too much walking is VERY BAD on too-young/old knees, and teenagers or very short adults may just have short legs even if they're fine with 8-10 hours of actual walking. Young children may get sick of walking and pitch a fit because THEY'RE TIREDDDDDDDDDD, and then you might need to stay put while they cry it out, or an adult may sigh and haul them over their shoulder (and therefore be weighed down by about 50lbs of Angry Child).

Heavy forests, wetlands and rocky hills/mountains are also going to be a much shorter "distance" per day. For forests or wetlands, you have to account for a lot of villagers going "who's gonna cut down acres of trees for one road? NOT ME," or "who's gonna drain acres of swamp for one road? NOT ME." Mountainous regions have their traveling time eaten by going UP, or finding a safer path that goes AROUND, so by the time you're done slogging through drier patches of wetlands or squeezing through trees, a deceptively short 10-15 miles in rough terrain might take you a whole day to walk instead of the usual half-day.

If you are traveling in freezing winters or during a rainstorm (and this inherently means you HAVE NO CHOICE, because nobody in preindustrial times would travel in bad weather if they could help it), you run the high risk of losing your way and then dying of exposure or slipping and breaking your neck, just a few miles out of the town/village.

Traveling in TOO-HOT weather is just as bad, because pushing yourself too hard and getting dehydrated at noon in the tropics will literally kill you. It's called heat-STROKE, not "heat-PARTY."

And now for the upper range of "traveling on horseback!"

Fully mounted groups can usually make 30-40 miles per day between Point A and Point B, but I find there are two unspoken requirements: "Point B must have enough food for all those people and horses," and "the mounted party DOESN'T need to keep pace with foot soldiers, camp followers, or supply wagons."

This means your mounted party would be traveling to 1) a rendezvous point like an ally's camp or a noble's castle, or 2) a town/city with plenty of inns. Maybe they're not literally going 30-40 miles in one trip, but they're scouting the area for 15-20 miles and then returning to their main group. Perhaps they'd be going to an allied village, but even a relatively small group of 10-20 warhorses will need 10-20 pounds of grain EACH and 20-30 pounds of hay EACH. 100-400 pounds of grain and 200-600 pounds of hay for the horses alone means that you need to stash supplies at the village beforehand, or the village needs to be a very large/prosperous one to have a guaranteed large surplus of food.

A dead sprint of 50-60 miles per day is possible for a preindustrial mounted pair, IF YOU REALLY, REALLY HAVE TO. Moreover, that is for ONE day. Many articles agree that 40 miles per day is already a hard ride, so 50-60 miles is REALLY pushing the envelope on horse and rider limits.

NOTE: While modern-day endurance rides routinely go for 50-100 miles in one day, remember that a preindustrial rider will not have the medical/logistical support that a modern endurance rider and their horse does.

If you say "they went fifty miles in a day" in most preindustrial times, the horse and rider's bodies will get wrecked. Either the person, their horse, or both, risk dying of exhaustion or getting disabled from the strain.

Whether you and your horse are fit enough to handle it and "only" have several days of defenselessness from severe pain/fatigue (and thus rely on family/friends to help you out), or you die as a heroic sacrifice, or you aren't QUITE fit enough and become disabled, or you get flat-out saved by magic or another rider who volunteers to go the other half, going past 40 miles in a day is a "Gondor Calls For Aid" level of emergency.

As a writer, I feel this kind of feat should be placed VERY carefully in a story: Either at the beginning to kick the plot off, at the climax to turn the tide, or at the end.

Preindustrial people were people--some treated their horses as tools/vehicles, and didn't care if they were killed or disabled by pushing them to their limits, but others very much cared for their horses. They needed to keep them in working condition for about 15-20 years, and they would not dream of doing this without a VERY good reason.

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UPDATE January 13: Several people have gotten curious and looked at maps, to find out how a lot of cities are indeed spread out at a nice distance of 20-30 miles apart! I love getting people interested in my hyperfixations, lol.

But remember that this is the space between CITIES AND TOWNS. There should never be a 20-mile stretch of empty wilderness between City A and Town B, unless your world explains why folks are able to build a city in the middle of nowhere, or if something has specifically gone wrong to wipe out its supporting villages!

Period pieces often portray a shining city rising from a sea of picturesque empty land, without a single grain field or cow pasture in sight, but that city would starve to death very quickly in preindustrial times.

Why? Because as Bret Devereaux mentions in his “Lonely Cities” article (https://acoup.blog/2019/07/12/collections-the-lonely-city-part-i-the-ideal-city/), preindustrial cities and towns must have nearby villages (and even smaller towns, if large and prosperous enough!) to grow their food for them.

The settlements around a city will usually be scattered a few miles apart from each other, usually clustered along the roads to the city gates. Those villages and towns at the halfway point between cities (say 10-15 miles) are going to be essential stops for older/sick folks, merchants with cargo, and large groups like noble’s retinues and army forces.

Preindustrial armies and large noble retinues usually can’t make it far past 10-12 miles per day, as denoted in my addition to this post. (https://www.tumblr.com/jadevine/739342239113871360/now-for-a-key-aspect-that-many-people-often-ask )

Linktober Day 5! Hyrule Field Chasm.

The duo find themselves trapped in a strange new location. At least they have each other! Also note to self: zonai magic and sheikah tech do not mix. Explosions are to be had.

All zelda nonsense here'

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Summer Berry Mix 🍓🫐 ♡⊹˚₊

Alone Time 🌿🎑

Team Avatar had been travelling through the Earth Kingdom for weeks, in search of adventure. Zuko and Sokka had faced many challenges together, and now they walked through the dense forest, feeling a sense of peace wash over them finally. As they hiked, they approached a small stream flowing through the woods, and they let themselves be guided by the dancing leaves that raced ahead of them until they stumbled upon a secluded hot spring nestled among the trees.

The steam rose around them, and they shared a knowing smile before slowly undressing weeks of adventure, their soft gazes never leaving each other.

The warmth of the water embraced them, and they felt their bodies relax with each other's soothing touch. Sokka reached out and tenderly ran his fingers through Zuko's ebony hair, feeling the warmth of the spring mingling with the heat of their exposed intimacy like fuel to a fire. Zuko leaned into the gentle touch, his eyes closing briefly as he savoured the closeness of the moment and allowed himself to sink. They moved closer together, their bodies fitting perfectly, sharing soft, slow kisses, the water embracing them like a cocoon of love.

They bided their time,

In the quiet of the forest, surrounded only by the beauty of nature, Zuko and Sokka let go of the worries of the world, basking in the simple joy of being alone together. With each touch and whispered word, their connection deepened, binding them together in a love that transcended time and space. As they lost themselves in each other's embrace, they knew that at this moment, they were exactly where they wanted to be – together.

The sound of the forest and the gentle touch of the water made them feel like they were in a world of their own, where nothing else mattered. They felt their hearts beating in unison, and they knew that they had found something special in each other. It was a moment that they would never forget, a moment that would stay with them forever.

Different Ways to Describe Eye Colors

↳ a masterpost for writing prompts that describe eye colors

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Natural Eye Colors:

Brown Eyes

Blue Eyes

Green Eyes

Hazel Eyes

Hazel Green Eyes

Gray Eyes

Black Eyes

Heterochromia Eyes

Unnatural Eye Colors:

White Eyes

White/Silver Eyes pt 2

Red Eyes

Reddish-Brown Eyes

Pink/Magenta Eyes

Gold/Yellow Eyes

Unusual Eyes (Silver, White, Purple, Pink, Red, Orange, Yellow)

Seasonal Eyes

do you have any academic papers or work in mind if I wanted to read further on medieval displays of masculine emotion?

*vibrates* I absolutely do. Since it sounds as though you're interested in this at any time and in any place during the Middle Ages, the below will be an assortment.

Will Cerbone, “Real Men of the Viking Age,” in: Whose Middle Ages? Teachable Moments for an Ill-Used Past, 243-55 (2019) [Designed for a student audience, deliberately contrasts Viking ideals with those of, e.g., MCU Thor]

Jo Ann McNamara, “The Herrenfrage: The Restructuring of the Gender System, 1050 to 1150," in: Medieval Masculinities, ed. Clare A. Lees (1994) [This is a classic for a reason, and I think does a really interesting/useful job of talking about how class and vocation mattered to the expression/understanding of masculinity]

James A. Schultz, Courtly Love, the Love of Courtliness, and the History of Sexuality (2006) [I hope I'm remembering the emotional history content of this one correctly]

Jim Casey, "Feeling It Like a Man: Masculine Grief in Medieval and Early Modern Texts," in: Grief, Gender, and Identity in the Middle Ages (2021) [Starts off with Butler and Bourdieu, to give you a feel for it]

Also, while I haven't personally read it, I'm just so glad that Robin Morris has written an essay called "Sad Men in Beowulf."

Also also, a couple of good books about medieval emotion more generally, not focused on masculinity specifically:

Barbara Rosenwein, Emotional Communities in the Early Middle Ages (2006)

Paul R. Hyams, Rancor and Reconciliation in Medieval England (2003)

i figured yall would appreciate this photo

original instagram post from vinnikolaus

Young and beautiful

Zoomed in