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What Happens When You Die: Four Stages of Human Decomposition

What Happens When You Die: Four Stages of Decomposition

Have you ever wondered what happens the moment you die? Not where you go in the afterlife or how your body will be handled, but have you ever wondered what happens internally? Around four minutes after your heart fails to pump oxygen to the rest of your body, it begins to self destruct. This method of self destruction is universal in its stages and in its purpose; it has no bias of character or of monetary status. Without this process of death and decay, life would cease to exist.

Stage One: Autolysis (Self-Ingestion)

Autolysis begins the moment your circulatory system and respiratory system cease to pump blood to your muscles. Without oxygen being pumped into your cells, excess carbon dioxide begins to cause cell membranes to become acidic. Once these cells rupture, they release a digestive enzyme that begins to consume your cells from the inside out.

Rigor Mortis begins generally within an hour or two after death and lasts for around 24 hours. Rigor Mortis occurs when lactic acid buildup in the muscles causes them to stiffen at unnatural angles, a lot of times defying gravity. Small blisters filled with nutrient-rich fluid form on internal organs and under the surface of the skin. When these rupture, it causes the body to form a shiny or sweaty appearance. The body begins to cool at the time of death and slowly drops an average of 1.5 degrees an hour, pending on environmental factors. Within 24 hours, the body will be the same temperature as its surrounding environment.

Fact: In cases of violent or traumatic deaths, lactic acid is built up in such high amounts in the muscles that rigor mortis can occur at the exact moment of death. For example, if someone dies from drowning in a lake, they may still be clutching a chunk of grass from trying to grab onto the bank at the moment of their death.

Livor Mortis causes areas of the body exposed to external pressure such as gravity to turn a reddish-purple color. Tardieu spots form in these areas as well due to increased pressure. These spots often resemble traumatic hemorrhaging but are a normal part of the decomposition process.

Fact: If a body is moved after death and the livor mortis is on the wrong area of the body, investigators can determine that the body was moved after death. For example, if someone died laying on their stomach, livor mortis would turn the abdomen the reddish-purple color. If someone moved the body after death and flipped them onto their back, it would show that the blood pooled in a way that would defy gravity, showing that the body was moved unnaturally.

At this point, purge fluid is often leaked through the nasal cavity from internal gases building up in the abdomen. Despite this resembling a traumatic death, it is a natural step in human decomposition. Depending on the amount of stomach contents that are left in the body, it generally takes half an hour up to six hours for the body to finish digesting and eliminating the waste from the body.

After about 24 to 26 hours the abdomen begins to turn a greenish color that generally begins in the lower quadrant of the abdomen near the pubic area. Right around this time, bloating begins to take form within the abdominal cavity due to bacterial gas build up that causes the body to bloat and change form almost to the point of the corpse’s race being undistinguishable.

In step three, or active decay, the skin begins to slip from the body in a process known as “degloving.” Degloving happens when the top layer of skin pulls away from the muscle and essentially falls off. When bodies are at this stage of decomposition and the skin makes it impossible to pull fingerprints, morticians will often slip the skin of the patient over their own fingers and extract DNA prints this way. As the body is going through active decay, internal organs and external tissues begin to liquefy and seep through open orifices on the body. Dawnie Wolfe Steadman, director of the Forensic Anthropology Center at University of Tennessee Knoxville, claims that the main cause for the large amount of tissue loss during active decay is because of fly maggots that feast on bacteria and tissues.

Did you know that a body decomposing in water decomposes at a much slower rate than a body that is exposed to air? The slowest rate of decomposition is a body that has been preserved with formaldehyde and buried in the ground, similar to American funeral customs. A body that is submerged in water while going through active decay will have a wax-like appearance that replaces the normal look of external tissues. However, the tissues of a body that decomposes in a warm and humid environment will have external tissues that have completely dried out; the body will essentially mummify itself. In cases where a person dies in a traumatic way and is mummified from external factors, any wounds they received before and after death will be preserved, though distorted in size and shape.

After soft tissues are consumed by maggots, the corpse is partially skeletonized but the tougher soft tissues like cartilage still remain. Once beetles consume the cartilage, ligaments, and tendons the final stage of decomposition begins.

Skeletal decay is the process of the surrounding environment breaking down the remainder of the body for fertilization for future plants and life. Bones generally disintegrate with time if they are subjected to a constant flow of water, gnawed on by scavengers or any other external forces that have the ability to erode them.

Did you know that the “decomposition smell” you smell when coming across an animal carcass is actually caused by a mix of gases called putrescine and cadaverine that is caused when amino acids within the body begin to break down? Although seemingly harmless, if you are in a closed environment with a corpse, these gases have the ability to compete with or displace the oxygen within your body.

A University of Kent psychologist and Arkansas Tech University behavioral scientist hypothesize that the chemical putrescine creates a fight or flight response in humans due to it signaling in the brain as an olfactory threat. In the journal ‘Frontiers of Psychology,’ four different tests were published that proved exposure to putrescine elicited cognitive reactions, similar to escaping threats.

In the first trial done in this series of studies, 60 people were given the task to open a jar and sniff the contents inside. The control group smelled ammonia, a similarly pungent smell to putrescine and the rest of the test subjects were given putrescine. Afterward, the test subjects that were given the task of smelling putrescine reacted quicker to a red dot randomly presented on a screen in the lab; this indicates that the smell made these subjects more vigilant to their surroundings.

Two of these four tests were completed on a university campus when random people were stopped and asked to participate in a smell test. In the subjects that smelled putrescine, they walked away significantly faster than those that smelled ammonia or water. This experiment was timed with a hidden stopwatch.

In the fourth and final experiment, 65 people were asked to fill out a questionnaire that was slightly scented with either putrescine, water, or ammonia; the smell was faint enough that the subjects were unaware of the scent. The subjects were given an essay that was written by someone who didn’t share their views; in this particular case, the essay was written by a Middle-Eastern exchange student in the UK who criticized Western values and predicted their decline. They were then asked to fill out the questionnaire asking how likable the essay’s author was and whether or not his ideas should be publicized. The subjects that had papers scented with putrescine were significantly more hostile towards the foreign student than those with the ammonia soaked questionnaire. This suggests that subconsciously, the scent of putrescine elicited a subsconscious defensive response.

The scientists that ran this experiment hypothesize that the chemical compound in putrescine could serve as a warning signal in the brain that is the forefront of protective responses that help us protect ourselves from potential threats.

Cold Case Blogger

Philia of the day

I love the four-horsemen. its such a cool take on the apocalypse. Bible did good

One. Famine is a teenage girl, sipping cappucino foam through the holes of her gas mask. Her eyes are hidden behind tainted black; when you pass her, you see the bright reflection of something red behind the glass. You saw it, but it did not happen. Two. Hundreds of people in the streets are bawling but one of them stays silent. He wears the oil-greased overall of the workshop around the corner. It reads Conquest. His teeth are razor sharp and glisten in the dying sun above. It reminds you of a butter knife. You blink and he’s gone. Three. Four men in posh busniess suits drop dead to the earth. A middle aged lady looks at you with a knife in her hand and a gun at her hip. Someone far away calls out for her. Her name is something British, but you’re sure they called her War. She throws her head back and starts to laugh. It chills you to the bones. Four. An old man smiles at you from a park bench while he throws rotten corn at the pigeons. You realize the pigeons are actually vultures. When you look at the old man again, Death looks back at you. It doesn’t matter. The world around you is already dead.

the four horsemen of the apocalypse, re-imagined as vigilantes in a post apocalyptic setting | r.m

conspiracy theories reblog if u agree

I wish I knew this sooner

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Continua a leggere

The Otaku Killer- Child Killer and Necrophile

The Otaku Killer, or Tsutomu Miyazaki, is a serial killer that is responsible for murdering four young girls between August 1988 and June 1989. He murdered the children in Saitama and Japan and would often lure them or force them into his Nissan Langley. After sitting there with them for an extended period of time, he would murder them then proceeded to perform sexual acts on their bodies and photographed and videotaped their staged corpses before sending taunting letters, phone calls, and mementos to the families of the missing children. After murdering four children and attempting to assault a fifth, he was arrested and sentenced to death by hanging.

Tsutomu Miyazaki was born prematurely and had deformed hands that caused his wrists to fuse directly to his forearm; because of this deformity, it was required that he move his entire forearm to move his hand in any direction. From the time he entered elementary school, he was shown how cruel children can be; he was often mocked for the way he looked and because of this, he isolated himself from other children.

At the beginning of his high school career, Tsutomu excelled in his classes and was known to impress his successful, business owning parents. However, his grades started to slip at the end of his school years and when he graduated he ranked number 40 of 56 in his class and did not receive the customary entry to Meiji University like the other students of his class. He had dreams of studying English and becoming a teacher, but after he was rejected from Meiji University he decided to become a janitor and study to become a photo technician.

In the mid-1980’s Tsutomu moved back in with his parents and began to further isolate himself from the outside world. His father owned a newspaper business and was highly respected in the community because of his success; however, Tsutomu showed no interest in inheriting the company. In later interviews he claimed all he wanted at this time was for someone to listen to his problems but his parents were too concerned with material objects to care; he claimed he began having suicidal thoughts around this time.

With the lack of relationship he had with his mother and father coupled with his two sisters cold demeanors towards him, the only unconditional and genuine relationship he had was with his grandfather. After his grandfather’s death in May of 1988, he reportedly consumed some of his ashes in order to “retain something from him.”

A few weeks after this, he was caught watching his sister in the shower. When she confronted him and told him to leave, he began attacking her. When his mother told him he needs to start working more, he attacked her as well.

On August 22, 1988, a day after his 26th birthday, Tsutomu lead four year old Mari Konno into his vehicle and drove her to a remote area under a bridge. After sitting there for thirty minutes, he murdered her then performed sexual acts on her corpse, took her clothes to keep as a trophy, and photographed her nude body. He then dumped her body in a set of hills near his home and returned to it at a later date to remove her hands and feet before cremating the remaining bones and tissue. After crushing her charred bones into powder, he sent a box to her family containing a few of her teeth, photos of her clothes, and a postcard that read: “Mari. Cremated. Bones. Investigate. Prove.”

On October 3, 1988 Tsutomu spotted seven year old Masami Yoshizawa and offered her a ride to which she accepted and he drove her to the same spot he killed Mari Konno. He then killed her in a similar fashion, performed sex acts on her corpse and took her clothes to keep as a memento.

On December 12, 1988 Tsutomu kidnapped four year old Erika Namba after she was returning home from her friends house. Once she was in his vehicle he forced her to undress and he took photographs of her nude body before he murdered her and dumped her body in a parking lot directly adjacent from where he killed her. A letter was then sent to Erika’s family made out of cut out magazine letters that read: “Erika. Cold. Cough. Throat. Rest. Death.”

On June 6, 1989 Tsutomu convinced five year old Ayako Nomoto to let him take pictures of her; he then killed her, took her body to his apartment and spent the next two days performing sex acts on her body and taking photos/videotaping it from different staged positions. Once it started to decompose, he dismembered her and left the torso in a cemetery and the head on a nearby hill; he kept the rest of her remains in his bedroom closet.

After a young girls father caught Tsutomu attempting to put a camera lense inside of his her vagina at a public park, he scared a naked Tsutomu away. Once he returned to retrieve his vehicle, he was arrested. When his home was searched, authorities found 5,763 videotapes containing anime and slasher films; he later attributed his sadistic desires to these movies. While on trial for the crimes, he claimed that his alter ego “rat man” forced him to kill and he had diminished responsibility for the killings because of this. However, he was found guilty of all counts and was sentenced to death.

In 1994, Tsutomu’s father committed suicide. On June 17, 2008 serial killer Tsutomu Miyazaki was publicly hung.

Cold Case Blogger

TERFs, arguably more than any other vocal political group, insist upon the body as a defining part of a person’s subjectivity, — that is, as an identitarian marker for what you can and cannot (or should and should not be able to) do in our society. [...] It is a position that would more readily be denounced as ableist or racist in any other context in which the body is insisted upon as a measure of your right and proper identity.

Matt Colquhoun, "Total Recoil: Notes on the Body in Mark Fisher’s Feminism"