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What Happens When You Die: Four Stages of Human Decomposition

What Happens When You Die: Four Stages of Decomposition

Have you ever wondered what happens the moment you die? Not where you go in the afterlife or how your body will be handled, but have you ever wondered what happens internally? Around four minutes after your heart fails to pump oxygen to the rest of your body, it begins to self destruct. This method of self destruction is universal in its stages and in its purpose; it has no bias of character or of monetary status. Without this process of death and decay, life would cease to exist.

Stage One: Autolysis (Self-Ingestion)

Autolysis begins the moment your circulatory system and respiratory system cease to pump blood to your muscles. Without oxygen being pumped into your cells, excess carbon dioxide begins to cause cell membranes to become acidic. Once these cells rupture, they release a digestive enzyme that begins to consume your cells from the inside out.

Rigor Mortis begins generally within an hour or two after death and lasts for around 24 hours. Rigor Mortis occurs when lactic acid buildup in the muscles causes them to stiffen at unnatural angles, a lot of times defying gravity. Small blisters filled with nutrient-rich fluid form on internal organs and under the surface of the skin. When these rupture, it causes the body to form a shiny or sweaty appearance. The body begins to cool at the time of death and slowly drops an average of 1.5 degrees an hour, pending on environmental factors. Within 24 hours, the body will be the same temperature as its surrounding environment.

Fact: In cases of violent or traumatic deaths, lactic acid is built up in such high amounts in the muscles that rigor mortis can occur at the exact moment of death. For example, if someone dies from drowning in a lake, they may still be clutching a chunk of grass from trying to grab onto the bank at the moment of their death.

Livor Mortis causes areas of the body exposed to external pressure such as gravity to turn a reddish-purple color. Tardieu spots form in these areas as well due to increased pressure. These spots often resemble traumatic hemorrhaging but are a normal part of the decomposition process.

Fact: If a body is moved after death and the livor mortis is on the wrong area of the body, investigators can determine that the body was moved after death. For example, if someone died laying on their stomach, livor mortis would turn the abdomen the reddish-purple color. If someone moved the body after death and flipped them onto their back, it would show that the blood pooled in a way that would defy gravity, showing that the body was moved unnaturally.

At this point, purge fluid is often leaked through the nasal cavity from internal gases building up in the abdomen. Despite this resembling a traumatic death, it is a natural step in human decomposition. Depending on the amount of stomach contents that are left in the body, it generally takes half an hour up to six hours for the body to finish digesting and eliminating the waste from the body.

After about 24 to 26 hours the abdomen begins to turn a greenish color that generally begins in the lower quadrant of the abdomen near the pubic area. Right around this time, bloating begins to take form within the abdominal cavity due to bacterial gas build up that causes the body to bloat and change form almost to the point of the corpse’s race being undistinguishable.

In step three, or active decay, the skin begins to slip from the body in a process known as “degloving.” Degloving happens when the top layer of skin pulls away from the muscle and essentially falls off. When bodies are at this stage of decomposition and the skin makes it impossible to pull fingerprints, morticians will often slip the skin of the patient over their own fingers and extract DNA prints this way. As the body is going through active decay, internal organs and external tissues begin to liquefy and seep through open orifices on the body. Dawnie Wolfe Steadman, director of the Forensic Anthropology Center at University of Tennessee Knoxville, claims that the main cause for the large amount of tissue loss during active decay is because of fly maggots that feast on bacteria and tissues.

Did you know that a body decomposing in water decomposes at a much slower rate than a body that is exposed to air? The slowest rate of decomposition is a body that has been preserved with formaldehyde and buried in the ground, similar to American funeral customs. A body that is submerged in water while going through active decay will have a wax-like appearance that replaces the normal look of external tissues. However, the tissues of a body that decomposes in a warm and humid environment will have external tissues that have completely dried out; the body will essentially mummify itself. In cases where a person dies in a traumatic way and is mummified from external factors, any wounds they received before and after death will be preserved, though distorted in size and shape.

After soft tissues are consumed by maggots, the corpse is partially skeletonized but the tougher soft tissues like cartilage still remain. Once beetles consume the cartilage, ligaments, and tendons the final stage of decomposition begins.

Skeletal decay is the process of the surrounding environment breaking down the remainder of the body for fertilization for future plants and life. Bones generally disintegrate with time if they are subjected to a constant flow of water, gnawed on by scavengers or any other external forces that have the ability to erode them.

Did you know that the “decomposition smell” you smell when coming across an animal carcass is actually caused by a mix of gases called putrescine and cadaverine that is caused when amino acids within the body begin to break down? Although seemingly harmless, if you are in a closed environment with a corpse, these gases have the ability to compete with or displace the oxygen within your body.

A University of Kent psychologist and Arkansas Tech University behavioral scientist hypothesize that the chemical putrescine creates a fight or flight response in humans due to it signaling in the brain as an olfactory threat. In the journal ‘Frontiers of Psychology,’ four different tests were published that proved exposure to putrescine elicited cognitive reactions, similar to escaping threats.

In the first trial done in this series of studies, 60 people were given the task to open a jar and sniff the contents inside. The control group smelled ammonia, a similarly pungent smell to putrescine and the rest of the test subjects were given putrescine. Afterward, the test subjects that were given the task of smelling putrescine reacted quicker to a red dot randomly presented on a screen in the lab; this indicates that the smell made these subjects more vigilant to their surroundings.

Two of these four tests were completed on a university campus when random people were stopped and asked to participate in a smell test. In the subjects that smelled putrescine, they walked away significantly faster than those that smelled ammonia or water. This experiment was timed with a hidden stopwatch.

In the fourth and final experiment, 65 people were asked to fill out a questionnaire that was slightly scented with either putrescine, water, or ammonia; the smell was faint enough that the subjects were unaware of the scent. The subjects were given an essay that was written by someone who didn’t share their views; in this particular case, the essay was written by a Middle-Eastern exchange student in the UK who criticized Western values and predicted their decline. They were then asked to fill out the questionnaire asking how likable the essay’s author was and whether or not his ideas should be publicized. The subjects that had papers scented with putrescine were significantly more hostile towards the foreign student than those with the ammonia soaked questionnaire. This suggests that subconsciously, the scent of putrescine elicited a subsconscious defensive response.

The scientists that ran this experiment hypothesize that the chemical compound in putrescine could serve as a warning signal in the brain that is the forefront of protective responses that help us protect ourselves from potential threats.

Cold Case Blogger

The signs as famous conspiracy theories

Aries: Flat Earth/Illuminati/saved by the bell was made by the illuminati

Taurus: Shadow Earth/the moon is fake/hitler is still alive

Gemini: Aliens in the ancient world/Denver airport/last thursday

Cancer: MK Ultra/shark spies/AIDS was created by the government to weaken the population

Leo: Shadow government/Hillary Clinton is really a body double/HAARP

Virgo: The moon landing was faked/freemasons/fluoride in the water to cause sickness

Libra: Roswell 1947 crash/dinosaurs built the pyramids/FEMA prison camp coffins

Scorpio: Chemtrails/Michael Jackson was killed by the Iranian government/tsunamis are caused by governments testing nuclear bombs

Sagittarius: Reptilians/world war II was staged/the government knew the pearl harbor bombings would happen

Capricorns: Star gate/hollow earth/peak oil

Aquarius: Number stations/that one pageant kid that died continued on to be Katy Perry/Elvis is still alive

What is the difference between Psychopathy and Sociopathy?

What is the difference between Psychopathy and Sociopathy?

When you hear the term ‘psychopath’ what do you envision? Do you see an axe-wielding maniac murdering entire families while they sleep? According to Hollywood cinema, a psychopath is someone you can pick out from the crowd based on a pair of retro 70’s glasses, a thick mustache, and a windowless van. However, a psychopath is generally someone who is meticulous in their thinking, effortlessly manipulative of those around them, and often someone who is very successful and popular amongst their peers. A sociopath, on the other hand, is someone who is often erratic, lacks critical thinking skills, and commits violent and impulsive crimes.

According to the Fifth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical manual of Mental Disorders, or more commonly known as the DSM, both psychopathy and sociopathy fall under the category of being Antisocial Personality Disorders. Due to both of these disorders falling under the same category, they share very similar traits. Some of these shared traits are a disregard for the law and authoritarian figures, a general disregard for the rights of others, a failure to feel remorse or guilt and a tendency to display violent and aggressive behaviors. Despite many shared similarities between the two disorders, the one thing that sets them apart is calamitous: a psychopath has an inability to feel empathy for others or form meaningful emotional attachments to those around them.

A sociopath is described as someone with extreme antisocial attitudes and behaviors that lack a conscience. However, a sociopath does have the ability to form meaningful connections with one specific person or group while not feeling anything towards those outside of that group. A sociopath is often a nervous individual that is easily agitated, volatile, and prone to emotional outbursts; these outbursts can include fits of rage. Due to this mental disorder causing someone to feel inferior or displaced in society, they often live on the fringes of what is deemed normal. They often have a hard time holding down jobs or staying in one place and are viewed as being outwardly disturbed and erratic. Their crimes are often frenzied, unplanned, and messy; they are the type of killer that is likely to kill while upset and angry.

Unlike psychopathy, the origins of what causes someone to become a sociopath are slightly more muddled. In cases of psychopathy, there is a distinct under development in the prefrontal cortex, or the part of the brain that is responsible for impulse control and emotions. Sociopathy, on the other hand, is more closely linked to childhood trauma such as physical and emotional abuse.

In a research study performed in 2005 by Martha Stout, a practicing psychologist and instructor in the psychology department at Harvard University, research results found that as much as 50% of the cause of sociopathy can be attributed to heredity and the remaining 50% is caused by outside forces such as trauma.

An example of a sociopath is Jodi Arias; Jodi was known to grow obsessed with the men in her life and had tunnel vision for that single person. When the man she was having an affair with, Travis began to show signs of losing interest in her, she began to become increasingly hostile and persistent in keeping her relationship with him. When she murdered Travis, she did it in a frenzied attack while they were in the shower together and continued to take pictures during the entire murder. After being arrested, she continued to lie about her involvement in the crime and when she did admit to it she claimed that it was because he was a sexual predator.

After her arrest, one of her future cell mates came forward claiming that Jodi made her uncomfortable because of her total disregard for the atrocity she had committed. She reported that Jodi would tell her that Travis was a child molester and she did the world a favor for getting rid of him. Whether or not she actually believed Travis was this monster, she felt no remorse for killing someone she supposedly loved in such a brutal way. During recorded interviews, she was known to ask the camera crew to stop recording so she could fix her hair or powder her nose; she relished in the attention she was receiving for Travis’s murder.

Psychopathy, on the other hand is more neurologically rooted within a person’s mind due to the under development of the emotional control center of their brain. Due to this under development, psychopaths are unable to feel any form of empathy.  Without the ability to form emotional attachments, it is easy for psychopaths to view people and animals as objects. The biggest difference between a psychopath and sociopath is the fact that psychopaths commit crimes with every step and action planned out, with contingency plans in place. They thrive under pressure and learn how to mimic necessary emotions to manipulate those around them. These killers are often referred to as “cold blooded” and are often narcissistic, with a strong belief in their ability to evade the law.

Often times, a psychopath is the most educated, sought after and successful person in the room due to their ability to read a crowd.

An example of a psychopath is Ted Bundy; he worked as a crisis prevention helpline worker and was known to protect people from being robbed, yet had the ability to turn off his “empathy” and brutally beat numerous women to death. While on trial for Kimberly Leach’s murder, he was able to convince a majority of people that he was innocent. It wasn’t until the cast of his dental impressions were taken that the true conscience-lacking nature of Ted Bundy was revealed.

Now that you know the official difference between a psychopath and sociopath, what killers come to your mind when trying to label them under a category?

Cold Case Blogger

We love a chaotic vampire aesthetic 

My Chemical Romance - Vampires Will Never Hurt You

I love the four-horsemen. its such a cool take on the apocalypse. Bible did good

One. Famine is a teenage girl, sipping cappucino foam through the holes of her gas mask. Her eyes are hidden behind tainted black; when you pass her, you see the bright reflection of something red behind the glass. You saw it, but it did not happen. Two. Hundreds of people in the streets are bawling but one of them stays silent. He wears the oil-greased overall of the workshop around the corner. It reads Conquest. His teeth are razor sharp and glisten in the dying sun above. It reminds you of a butter knife. You blink and he’s gone. Three. Four men in posh busniess suits drop dead to the earth. A middle aged lady looks at you with a knife in her hand and a gun at her hip. Someone far away calls out for her. Her name is something British, but you’re sure they called her War. She throws her head back and starts to laugh. It chills you to the bones. Four. An old man smiles at you from a park bench while he throws rotten corn at the pigeons. You realize the pigeons are actually vultures. When you look at the old man again, Death looks back at you. It doesn’t matter. The world around you is already dead.

the four horsemen of the apocalypse, re-imagined as vigilantes in a post apocalyptic setting | r.m

Stole this from d-unique designs on fb

@pridefulsuggestion & @threshold-suggestion / yumi sakugawa/ joy harjo / @demiiwhiffin / ask polly

Philia of the day