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do eastern hognoses get attacked by toads a lot? them being immune to their poison seems really specific

Quite the opposite! Many toads secrete toxins to avoid being eaten (most animals don't like eating poisonous food).

However, because they really like eating toads, hognose snakes have evolved specifically to be immune to those toxins. There are many examples of this kind of co-evolution in the animal kingdom (another common one are garter snakes and salamanders).

Digenean parasites of frog from Erzurum (a: Diplodiscus subclavatus, b: Dolichosaccus rastellus, c: Gorgoderina vitelliloba, d: Opisthioglyphe ranae, e: Cephalogonimus retusus, f: Gorgodera cygnoides, g: Skrjabinoeces breviansa, h: Haplometra cylindracea, i: Haematoloechus variegatus, j: Skrjabinoeces similis). (Tepe, Yahya & Yilan, Yağmur. (2021). New Records of Trematode and Acanthocephalan Species in Frogs in Erzurum Province, Turkey. Helminthologia. 58. 372-384. 10.2478/helm-2021-0043.)

Going into 2024 like… 🦀 🖤 😞

Snails in the genus Julia have a bivalved shell, like a clam!

Even though they have a clam like shell, with 2 sections, they are in fact snails (class Gastropoda). They are marine snails, found throughout the Ino-Pacific. There are 6 species which are various shades of green. Julia are tiny, only reaching a length of up to 6 mm long. They feed on algae, and incorporate the chloroplasts from the algae into their bodies. Some of the chloroplasts remain photosynthetic, and the snails are able to feed on the products of this photosynthesis. This process is called kleptoplasty.

Photos: Julia sp. from Australia  - profmollusc | Inaturalist cc; Julia exquisita from Reuinion Island - Alexandre LaPorte | Wikipedia cc

アオミノウミウシ-神奈川、東京、埼玉、千葉から伊豆の海への玄関口 小田原ダイビングスクール

I mean, I’m compelled to share for the image alone

but if you’d like to read the full article: X

Beetles 🪲🐞