Baekhyunee_exo: 이제여름이야..더워…헥헥헥헥헥헥

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Shin Sung Woo <3 #ShareIG back stage . musical dracula!

Am I the reason people always leave? Am I the reason all these things keep happening? Maybe I’m just destined to be alone

140513 xlkslb_ccdtks: 찍습니다.하나 둘 셋~

Taking photos. One two three/ready set go~

wish you were here

Ozil & Muller

“… أُصلي ”

Hindi Lesson 10: Verbs

This lesson is going to focus on vocabulary, because after all, you can know all the grammar but if you don’t know any words, you still can’t say anything. People use verbs all the time, so let’s start here.

Some of the most common verbs are:

होना - hona - to be

करना - karna - to do

बनाना - banana - to make

लेना - lena - to take

देना - dena - to give

आना - aana - to come

जाना - jaana - to go

देखना - dekhna - to see, to look

सुनना - sunna - to hear, to listen

बैठना - baithna - to sit

हँसना - hansna - to laugh (sometimes also to smile)

सोना - sona - to sleep (in some dialects this also means to lie down)

जागना - jaagna - to wake (one’s self)

Now, Hindi has a very common thing called “compound verbs” where you take a noun or adjective and add a verb right after it (most commonly karna) to express doing that thing. The noun or adjective stays the same (you don’t have to worry about any cases or postpositions), while the verb takes the tense markings.

Some common ones are:

काम करना - kaam karna - to work

पढ़ाई करना - padhai karna - to study, to do studies

शुरु करना - shuru karna - to start

बंद करना - band karna - to close, to turn off

तय करना - tay karna - to decide

In the simple present tense it works like this:

मैं काम करती हूँ। main kaam kartee hoon. - I (f) work.

आप पढ़ाई करते हैं। aap padhai karte hain. - you (m, polite) study.

This is an extremely useful structure to know, for one reason: 90% of loan words from English are used as compound verbs with karna. Hindi speakers use a lot of English in their vocabulary, so if you don’t know the word for something, you can stick ANY English word into this structure and chances are very good you’ll be understood. In fact, you might be right and sound natural!

This doesn’t mean you shouldn’t learn the actual Hindi words for things - you absolutely should, if only for the sake of linguistic preservation but also because many of them are used - but when you’re practicing speaking and want to express yourself? This will take you a long way.

Some commonly used words (and their slightly less common shuddh hindi counterparts) are:

dance karna डैंस करना (नाचना naacna) to dance

count karna कउंट करना (गिनना ginna) to count

cancel karna कैंसेल करना (रद्द करना radd karna) to cancel

choose karna चूज़ करना (चुनना cunna) to choose

Example: हम सब लोग रात भर डैंस करते हैं। hum sab log raat bhar dance karte hain. We all dance all night long.

Bonus words:

सब - sab - all, every

लोग - log - people (only exists in the plural)

रात - raat (f) - night

दिन - din (m) - day

भर - bhar - entire, the whole time

Hindi Space Vocabulary

अंतरिक्ष (antariksh)[m]- space ब्रह्मणड (brahmāṇḍ)[m]- universe विश्व (vishva)[m]- cosmos बिग बैंग सिद्धांत (big bang siddhaṅt)- big bang (siddhaṅt means theory) आकाश गंगा (ākāsh gaṅga)[m]- galaxy (literally sky ganges) सौर मण्डल (saur maṇḍal)[m]- solar system तारा (tārā)[m]- star राश् (rāsh)[f]- constellation ध्रुव तारा (dhruv tārā)[m] - northern star सुर्य (surya)[m]- the Sun चाँद (cāṅd)[m]- the Moon ग्रहण (grahaṇ)[m]- eclipse ग्रह (graha)[m]- planet बैना ग्रह (beina graha)[m]- dwarf planet बुध (budh)[m]- Mercury शुक्र (shukra)[m]- Venus पृथ्वी (prthvī)[f]- Earth मंगल (maṅgal)[m]- Mars शनि (shani)[m]- Saturn बृहस्पति (brhaspati)[m]- Jupiter अरुण (aruṇ)[m]- Uranus वरुण (varuṇ)[m]- Neptune यम (yam)[m]- Pluto काला छिद्र (kālā chidra)[m]- black hole उल्का (ulkā)[f]- meteorite नीहरिका (nīhārikā)[f]- nebula माहनेव​ (māhaneva)[m]- supernova ध्रुवीय ज्योति (dhruvīya jyoti)[f]- aurora (literally northern flame) इन्द्रधनुष (indradhanūsh)[m]- rainbow वायुमण्डल (vāyumaṇḍal)[m]- atmosphere सम्तप मण्डल​ (samtāp maṇḍal)[m]- stratosphere हवा (havā)[f]- air आकाश​ (ākāsh)[m]- sky, heaven गुरूत्वाकर्षण (gurūtvākarshaṇ)[m]- gravity विकिरण (vikiraṇ)[m]- radiation खगोल विज्ञान​ (khagol vijñān)[m]- astronomy खगोल विज्ञानी (khagol vijñanī)- astronomer ज्योतिषशास्त्र​ (jyotishshāstra)[m]- astrology अंतरिक्ष यात्री (anatriksh yātrī)- astronaut (yātrī means traveler) अंतरिक्ष केंद्र​ (antariksh kendra)[m]- space station अंतरिक्ष यान​ (antariksh yān)[m]- spacecraft (yān means vehicle) रॉकेट (rōkeṭ)[m]- rocket उपग्रह​ (upagraha)[m]- satellite कक्ष (kaksh)[m]- orbit दूरदर्शी (dūrdarshī)[f]- telescope वेधशाला (vedhshālā)[f]- observatory अपर देशीय​ (apar deshīya)[f]- extraterrestrial life उड़न तश्तरी (uṛān tashtarī)[f]- UFO (literally flying saucer)