character motivations:
fear
hurt
survival
failure
being pressured
instability
desire / hunger
guilt
belief they are doing something good
love
loyalty
vengeance / revenge
inequality
unfulfillment
hatred
honour / dishonour
pride
jealousy
death
humiliation
pain
greed
shame
rejection
loss
power
Could you maybe write some prompts for portraying an unreliable narrator?
How to Write an Unreliable Narrator
-> 8 Tips to Writing Unreliable Narrators - Writer's Digest
make them a liar. Have them commit their faults outright, contradict themselves in the narrative, prove them to be a liar by their actions, have them hint that they know more than they're telling, reveal the truth a little later than they should, or have gaps in their memory.
shift their motives. Give your character conflicting desires and changing drives. Keep your reader guessing about their true mindset. (Are they in love with Character B? Or are they obsessed with Character B? Do they want to help B, or do they want to harm B?)
make them more clever than they appear. Have your reader believe your character is innocent and incapable of cunning and calculating schemes. Maybe they appear innocent and naive to the reader, and only later it is revealed that their childish actions have purpose.
use your secondary characters. Have them catch your narrator in lie, reveal that they are a victim of your narrator's lie, reveal a truth that the narrator has yet to share with the reader. How they treat the narrator can also show their unreliability. Sharing personal histories with the narrator may expose a side to the narrator that the reader hasn't seen.
add an unpredictable act. When a calm, thoughtful, innocent character suddenly does something out of character and a little unhinged, they become unreliable. (ex: a grieving woman suddenly throws all of her husband's belongings in the lake.)
-> What Is an Unreliable Narrator? - MasterClass
Picaro. The picaro is a character who has a knack for exaggerating.
Madman. The madman is unreliable because they are mentally detached from reality.
Naif. The naif’s narrative abilities are impacted by inexperience or age.
Liar. The liar is the most deliberate of all the unreliable narrators. The character fabricates stories, often to paint a better picture of themselves or achieve a desired outcome.
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Are you making this mistake when writing a prologue? Lots of new writers don’t know what prologues are for.
But let’s first jump into what they are not for →
Infodumping, worldbuilding, or backstory! A prologue is not the place to set the image of what your world is, what led to it being this way, why your protagonist finds themselves in their current predicament, or retelling the backstory of your hero.
Why not? Because when a reader first opens your book, they don’t yet have an incentive to care about your world or your character, and therefore pummeling them with a ton of information about things they haven’t gotten to know yet (or care about!) is the easiest way to lose their interest.
I know you might be thinking - but how will they know whose story I’m telling and what world it’s set in? This comes down to one simple thing → Trust your readers.
Building your world, your characters, and their backstories organically throughout the story you’re telling is going to result in a lot more gratitude from your readers.
Why? Because you’re not serving them all the information on a silver platter. Instead, you’re letting them ask questions and discover things on their own. They will FEEL that sense of trust you’re giving them, when you don’t over explain yourself.
So what are prologues actually for then? A strong prologue should tease the story, or set up the central story question that you’re asking. It should never give away too much, but act as a small glimpse or hint of things to come. It should make your readers intrigued about the story.
Here’s how you can figure it out easily →
The simplest distinction to conclude whether you have a strong prologue is this: Does your prologue pose questions or answer them? If it’s the former - great!
If it’s the latter - rethink whether you need it, or you might simply be too untrusting of your readers.
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He fell quietly from her arms. He was a king.
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Amble - walk leisurely
Careen - move swiftly in one direction
Falter - move hesitatingly; start to lose strength and momentum
Flounder - walk with great difficulty
Limp - walk with difficulty, normally due to injury
Lumber - move heavily or clumsily
Lurch - walk as if unable to control one’s movements; an unsteady tilt or roll
Meander - walk aimlessly or with little purpose
Parade - march in a procession
Prowl - move about in or as if in a predatory manner
Ramble - move about aimlessly or without any destination
Saunter - walk in a slow, or relaxed manner, without hurry or effort
Skulk - move stealthily; keep out of sight
Stagger - walk or move unsteadily, as if to fall
Stalk - walk stiffly
Stride - walk with long steps
Stroll - walk leisurely and with no apparent aim
Strut - to walk with a lofty proud gait
Stumble - miss a step and fall or nearly fall
Swagger - walk with confidence, arrogance or aggressiveness
Totter - move in a feeble, unsteady way
Waddle - walk with short steps and a clumsily swaying motion
Wade - walk through shallow water
"Luck Runs Out" from EPIC but Erin is Odysseus
Flawed characters are the ones we root for, cry over, and remember long after the story ends. But creating a character who’s both imperfect and likable can feel like a tightrope walk.
1. Flaws That Stem From Their Strengths
When a character’s greatest strength is also their Achilles' heel, it creates depth.
Strength: Fiercely loyal.
Flaw: Blind to betrayal or willing to go to dangerous extremes for loved ones.
“She’d burn the whole world down to save her sister—even if it killed her.”
2. Let Their Flaws Cause Problems
Flaws should have consequences—messy, believable ones.
Flaw: Impatience.
Result: They rush into action, ruining carefully laid plans.
“I thought I could handle it myself,” he muttered, staring at the smoking wreckage. “Guess not.”
3. Show Self-Awareness—or Lack Thereof
Characters who know they’re flawed (but struggle to change) are relatable. Characters who don’t realize their flaws can create dramatic tension.
A self-aware flaw: “I know I talk too much. It’s just… silence makes me feel like I’m disappearing.” A blind spot: “What do you mean I always have to be right? I’m just better at solving problems than most people!”
4. Give Them Redeeming Traits
A mix of good and bad keeps characters balanced.
Flaw: They’re manipulative.
Redeeming Trait: They use it to protect vulnerable people.
“Yes, I lied to get him to trust me. But he would’ve died otherwise.”
Readers are more forgiving of flaws when they see the bigger picture.
5. Let Them Grow—But Slowly
Instant redemption feels cheap. Characters should stumble, fail, and backslide before they change.
Early in the story: “I don’t need anyone. I’ve got this.”
Midpoint: “Okay, fine. Maybe I could use some help. But don’t get used to it.”
End: “Thank you. For everything.”
The gradual arc makes their growth feel earned.
6. Make Them Relatable, Not Perfect
Readers connect with characters who feel human—messy emotions, bad decisions, and all.
A bad decision: Skipping their best friend’s wedding because they’re jealous of their happiness.
A messy emotion: Feeling guilty afterward but doubling down to justify their actions.
A vulnerable moment: Finally apologizing, unsure if they’ll be forgiven.
7. Use Humor as a Balancing Act
Humor softens even the most prickly characters.
Flaw: Cynicism.
Humorous side: Making snarky, self-deprecating remarks that reveal their softer side.
“Love? No thanks. I’m allergic to heartbreak—and flowers.”
8. Avoid Overdoing the Flaws
Too many flaws can make a character feel unlikable or overburdened.
Instead of: A character who’s selfish, cruel, cowardly, and rude.
Try: A character who’s selfish but occasionally shows surprising generosity.
“Don’t tell anyone I helped you. I have a reputation to maintain.”
9. Let Them Be Vulnerable
Vulnerability adds layers and makes flaws understandable.
Flaw: They’re cold and distant.
Vulnerability: They’ve been hurt before and are terrified of getting close to anyone again.
“It’s easier this way. If I don’t care about you, then you can’t leave me.”
10. Make Their Flaws Integral to the Plot
When flaws directly impact the story, they feel purposeful rather than tacked on.
Flaw: Their arrogance alienates the people they need.
Plot Impact: When their plan fails, they’re left scrambling because no one will help them.
Flawed but lovable characters are the backbone of compelling stories. They remind us that imperfection is human—and that growth is possible.
When you say the same thing twice with different words, it's a "tautology". They make manuscripts wordy.
Examples:
He shrugged his shoulders. -> He shrugged.
She clapped her hands. -> She clapped.
Her feet stepped back. -> She stepped back.
He hand picked up the knife. -> He picked up the knife.
If a movement is necessary for an action, the movement is included in the action and doesn't need to be spelled out separately.
He reached out his arm and took the book from her -> He took the book from her.
She lifted the glass to her lips and drained it. -> She drained her glass.
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