Oedema - Pitting Vs Non-pitting

Causes of drug-induced lupus

SHIP

Sulfasalazine & Sulfonamide Hydralazine Isoniazid Procainamide & Phenytoin

This is by no means a definitive list (they are many!) but these are some of the most common causes.

Carpal bones mnemonic

So Long Till Pinky, Here Comes The Thumb

Scaphoid

Lunate

Triquetrum

Pisiform

Hamate

Capitate

Trapezoid

Trapezium

(going anti-clockwise in this diagram)

Common ototoxic medications

"FAV Q&A"

Furosemide (and other loop diuretics) Aminoglycosides Vancomycin Quinine Aspirin

The renin-angiotensin system that helps regulate the constriction of blood vessels and blood pressure.

Alternatively:

Some Say Money Matters But My Brother Says Big Brains Matter More

Cranial nerves functions mnemonic

Sooo… while studying the cranial nerves and their functions I came by this genius mnemonic and I just had to share it with you guys! :D

cranial nerves and their functions

Some say money matters, but my brother says big boobs make more fun. [m = motoric, s = sensorial/sensitive, b = both]

N. olfactorius (s)

N. opticus (s)

N. oculomotorius (m)

N. trochlearis (m)

N. trigeminus (b)

N. abducens (m)

N. facialis (b)

N. vestibulocochlearis (s)

N. glossopharyngeus (b)

N. vagus (b)

N. accessorius (m)

N. hypoglossus (m)

(fun)

Basic pharmacology of neuromuscular junction

ACh acts on N2 receptors (ligand-gated Na+/K+ receptors)

Block Na+ channels that propagate nerve impulse - local anaesthetics (lidocaine), tetrodotoxin

Inhibit ACh release - tetanus toxin, botulinum toxin

Competitive antagonists - vecuronium

N2 agonists - suxamethonium

Flaccid paralysis

Only cleared by plasma cholinesterase

Reversible anticholinesterases - edrophonium, neostigmine, physostigmine

Block activity of AChE

Diagnose and treat myasthenia gravis and treat glaucoma respectively

Irreversible anticholinesterases - organophosphates (pesticides, nerve gases)

Long-lived flaccid paralysis

Treat with pralidoxime within 10 minutes - cleaves OP-AChE complex

Branches of external carotid artery

Some Anatomists Like F*cking, Others Prefer S & M

Superior thyroid artery

Ascending pharyngeal artery

Lingual artery

Facial artery

Occipital artery

Posterior auricular artery

Superficial temporal artery

Maxillary artery

The superior thyroid, ascending pharyngeal, lingual and facial arteries are ANTERIOR branches.

The occipital and posterior auricular arteries are POSTERIOR branches.

The superficial temporal and maxillary arteries are TERMINAL branches.

“Some Anatomists Like F*cking, Others Prefer S & M” 

is a mnemonic my professor just mentioned in class for the branches of the external carotid artery askjvb;askjbv;

Hypokalaemia ECG changes

U have no pot and you have no T but you have a long PR and a long QT

Low potassium causes:

U waves (small deflection immediately after T wave)

Flattened/inverted T waves

Prolonged PR interval

Apparent prolonged QT interval (due to fusion of T and U waves)

Also:

Increased P wave amplitude

Widespread ST depression

Management of acute MI

Reduce anginal pain

Morphine (+ anti-emetic)

Oxygen

Nitrate

Initiate reperfusion

Anti-platelet (aspirin, clopidogrel)

Thrombolytic (rtPA)

Primary angioplasty (PTCA)

Anticoagulant (heparin)

Protect myocardium

Beta-blocker

ACE inhibitor

Secondary prevention

Aspirin

Lipid-lowering (statin)

Lifestyle

Helpful mnemonic foe MI treatment.

Can - Citrate

I - Isocitrate

Keep - α-Ketoglutarate

Selling - Succinyl-CoA

Sex - Succinate

For - Fumarate

Money - Malate

Officer - Oxaloacetate

oh we are starting my favorite topic in biochemistry the tca cycle because whenever someone’s like :( it’s so hard to remember the intermediates :( i get to tell them about Can I Keep Selling Sex For Money Officer