Week 12: November 22
Week 12: November 22
For creative research this week, I went back to Poster House to see two exhibits that weren't open the last time I went.
Title wall from the first exhibit, Schoolgirls at War: French Propaganda Posters from World War I.
Nous Saurons by Camille Boutet 1918
Title card for Nous Saurons
Title wall for the second exhibit, With My Little Eye: Warnings for the Homefront
Careless Talk Costs Lives Posters
Both of these exhibits focus on propaganda posters. Going back to the topic of soft power, these posters often harness it and use juxtaposition as a way to compare contrasting imagery with the war in order to deliver a political message. For example, Nous Saurons features children looking longingly at a candy store, with the caption “We will know how to deprive ourselves”. There is a juxtaposition between the candy store, the longing children, the caption, and the presumably adult viewer that implies that if children can find the strength and discipline to ration and control their desires during the war, then adults should be more than capable to do the same. The poster is an effort to get the French people to support the sugar rations put in place by the war effort. The use of children to juxtapose the underlying message of supporting a war is much more effective than a poster that would have just said “Rationing sugar is patriotic”. It sets an extreme contrast that says “if you, an adult, are not able to ration sugar, you have worse self control than a child”, without saying that phrase explicitly. This way of using juxtaposition to construct guilt in order to support the war is subtle yet potent. Similarly, in the Careless Talk Costs Lives Posters, people chatting with each other or over the phone in mundane situations are juxtaposed with the captions that they are participating in something deadly.
This week for scholarly research I read This Means This, This Means That: A User's Guide to Semiotics by Sean Hall.
Citation: Hall, Sean. 2012. This Means This, This Means That : A User’s Guide to Semiotics. Vol. 2nd ed. London: Laurence King Publishing. https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=e000xna&AN=926138&site=ehost-live.
Link: http://ezproxy.stevens.edu/login?url=https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=e000xna&AN=926138&site=ehost-live&ebv=EB&ppid=pp_75
Summary: Semiotics is the theory of signs, and reading signs is a part of everyday life: from road signs that point to a destination, to smoke that warns of fire, to the symbols buried within art and literature. Semiotic theory can, however, appear mysterious and impenetrable. This introductory book decodes that mystery using visual examples instead of abstract theory. This new edition features an expanded introduction that carefully and clearly presents the world of semiotics before leading into the book's 76 sections of key semiotic concepts. Each short section begins with a single image or sign, accompanied by a question inviting us to interpret what we are seeing. Turning the page, we can compare our response with the theory behind the sign, and in this way, actively engage in creative thinking. A fascinating read, this book provides practical examples of how meaning is made in contemporary culture.
In particular I wanted to focus on this section:
It essentially discusses how differences between signs is only due our own perception, because what really defines “sameness” or “difference”. After all, it’s only when two objects are the same in every respect that we can say there are no differences. There are two kinds of difference: difference in kind (which is the fundamental thing that the object is) and difference in degree, which when there may be small variations between two things that may be very similar in general. This is important to the function of juxtaposition because juxtaposition is the comparison of two objects or concepts that are different from each other. But what does different really mean?
I’m glad that this week I got to see the exhibits as poster house that were closed the last time I was there. I saw some good examples of how juxtaposition can be wielded to push a political agenda. The issue is that these juxtapositions are not based in the whole truth, or are not allowing equal comparisons. The lack of context in this case can be misleading, as comparing two extremes (such as the best of something with the worst of something) does not allow for a fair comparison. Without the full facts though, people may not be able to counter the juxtapositions that were put before them, and will come to the conclusion that the creator of that juxtaposition wants them to believe. Thus is the soft power of juxtaposition, and the importance of knowing how it functions and when to recognize it in order to think carefully before making any connections or conclusions. I also learned that line line between same and different is more blurred than I previously would have expected - could this be part of the reason that we can always find connections between unlike things? Or is it their degree of difference or kind that actually creates connections through differences instead? Perhaps both are true. I will explore both of these topics further maybe next week.
More Posts from Rachelcapstone and Others
Week 1 Update: September 12
After reading the articles that Nancy sent this week, and after our conversation, I have decided to not purse the 3D printing idea specifically. While I am not against using it in my work, I already don’t feel like the passion for it is deep enough for it to be the main topic of my capstone.
I did really like MERRICK by Daan van den Berg. I like how it created a relationship between computer and biology (how the computer virus cause mutations similar to the way a real virus would). I also like how it was sort of out of your control what exactly the results would be like.
I also liked Damien Davis’s work. While I don’t think what it’s what I'm trying to do in particular, I do think it gave me some inspiration about exploring process and material. For some reason, his work kind of reminds be of the interactive puzzle things that you would find on the jungle gym at the playground. Maybe it’s the way the material was used.
(the other articles I read and was sent were posted below)
I think I’ll try thinking about collage as a medium this week. It still doesn’t feel quite right through? But maybe will help get me to a better direction.
7 days of making to be posted soon. 🎂
Week 9: November 1
This week for creative research/inspiration I went to a special exhibit at MoMa called Never Alone: Video Games and Other Interactive Design.
Note that I will be attaching videos here since the games are better depicted as videos of gameplay.
Flower
By Jenova (Xinghan) Chen and thatgamecompany
“In flower, the player becomes the wind. The game is presented as a potted flower’s dream, in which the wind blows one of its petals away from the city and into a verdant landscape. The wind picks up more petals as it goes, and the pleasantly aimless journey becomes increasingly vivid and intense. There is no goal, only complete immersion in nature and whatever sensations that brings - whether thrilling, soothing, or contemplative”
Walkthrough of Gameplay:
My notes when playing:
There is only a mouse. You can move the mouse around, but can’t do much with the buttons.
You can move up, down, left, and right
You have to stay above ground and can only go so high
There is a glowing orb in the center of the petals that is the center of control for direction.
Is very simple in the sense that there are not to many signifiers or menus
There is a sky and a ground that is a landscape
Grass at the bottom blows in the wind
There are some sparkles, especially near the grass
You are an orb and petals move in a whirlwind trail behind it
Sometimes there is a glowing trail or two of sparkles beneath you reflected on the grass like a shadow if you are close enough
The glowing orb that is the main center of control is mapped to the cursor. Moving the mouse up causes you do move up, down causes you to move down, left causes you to move left, and right causes you to move right
Going through the grass causes the grass to part, and sparkles to fly around, as expected would happen based on physics
You approach with a sense of curiosity because there are not too many signifiers on the screen, and the colors and simplicity draw you in
It is contemplative because you just wander the environment
There is a sense of thrill because you are able to fly, and the moving petals and grass provide a continual sense of movement
You pick up petals as you go along
The backstory was given through reading the wall, as well as in the beginning of the game
There isn’t really a goal, but you can pick up some petals as you go along, and some areas gain more color as you go through it
You get more colors as you go along
When you get closer to the ground, there is a glowing path that follows you.
The grass blows in the wind and moves out of the way when you go through it
There are swirls of color in the grass
It is understood that the user is supposed to use the mouse as it is the only input interface. Based on prior experience using computers, it is understood that the mouse moves you up, down, left, and right when you move it in the same direction
Flying Letters
By John Maeda
My notes:
You can right or left click with the two buttons below the touch pad
The rectangle in the middle of the screen tells what areas of the screen are actually active/you are able to interact with
There is a menu with numbers 0-9 in boxes that you can right click on to access a new interaction. The mode you are on will have a white box with black text, while the others are inverted with white text and black background
The cursor arrow only appears when hovering over the menu to show that you are able to click on it
Is very simple. There is rectangle in the center that tells what areas of the screen are actually active/you are able to interact with
There is a menu on the right labeled 0-9 that lets you select a new interaction mode
There is only a touchpad with a left and right button to interact with
The touchpad is on a table that is waist level, and the screen is an old fashioned computer above you, pointed down in you direction. You have to look up to see the screen.
The numbers 0-9 on the menu map to different letter interactions you can play with
The letters follow the cursor, and act in a way that one would expect in real life. In one mode, the cursor is the front letter in the word “Flying letters”, and the other letters follow it. Each letter follows in the letter before it’s previous position, making the letters flow as they follow the cursor. Letters that rotate on an axis in one mode move up, down, left, right depending on what direction the cursor moves. In another mode, the word ‘vertical’ is written in all caps vertically across the screen, and horizontal in all caps horizontally, and the cursor is the intersection. The cursor controls where the two words intersect, and it moves up, down, left, right with where the finger is on the touchpad to drag that intersection point across the screen.
There is a sense of curiosity. When clicking on a new mode, you don’t know what it will do at first, and some of the interactions are surprising.
There is a sense of wonder because you have to look up at the screen.
Letter interactions are satisfying
No particular goal
You play with each mode until you understand or are bored or satisfied, and move into the next one
Everything is black and white
Older screen provides some movement because it flickers just a little
No sound
Letters follow where the player is touching the touchpad, and moves up, down, left, and right in a way that would be expected. It does pull from interactions the user has had before. The sphere made of letters rotates like a 3D one, or the horizontal and vertical lines create an intersection that can be moved like maybe the user has seen before in other apps. The interactions are simple enough though that it can be figured out just by moving around on the touchpad.
Getting Over it with Bennett Foddy
By Benett Foddy
Foddy bluntly says, “I created this game for a certain type of person. To hurt them.” It’s the kind of player who feels entitled to make progress and eventually win - an expectation Foddy delights in thwarting. The goal is to climb a mountain of rocks and garbage, but the character attempting it is awkwardly stuck in a cauldron, and the game’s controls are infuriatingly - deliberately - clumsy. Players cannot save their progress; mistakes can tip the character down the mountain. This near-futile exercise prompts reflection on what we expect from a game, and what keeps us playing.
My Notes:
There is only a mouse as an input interface
You can right click to grab onto something with the ax
There is a slightly transparent white circle where the cursor is, which controls the tip of the ax.
You can click to grab onto something
There is only a mouse
Is very simple in the sense that there are not to many signifier or menus
There is a sky and a ground that is a landscape, and lots of rocks and trash to grab onto. The rocks and trash create a mountain to climb.
Otherwise relatively desolate
Player is stuck in a cauldron.
Occasionally text appears at the bottom, which is the maker of the game sort of mocking you
The semi-transparent white circle represents the tip of the ax and is where the cursor is, so the player can control how the ax is swung
The ax movement is limited by range of the human arm, and can really only be moved up or down in a circle, so the ax moves with the cursor, but only to an extent
Incredibly frustrating
You get frustrated because it feels a little bit like the controls don’t follow exactly the way you feel like they should
Also it’s very easy to lose all your progress
Make it’s little hopeless, but when you do make progress it fills you with determination
You start at the bottom of the mountain and climb your way to the top of the trash/rock mountain. You generally move right.
It’s incredibly hard to control the ax accurately to pull yourself up the mountain. You only can use the ax because your legs are useless because your lower body is stuck in a cauldron
Even when you make progress, a mistake can send you all the way to the bottom. There is no real way to save your progress
Along the way the game maker will talk to you and sometime sort of mock you, which can add aggravation
Somewhat realistic color palette
Background is cloudy and green, it seems rocky, industrial, and desolate other than the rocks and trash in the foreground
Dusk can be kicked up by the ax
Water can slosh out of the cauldron you’re in
Some sound effects from the metal of the cauldron hitting the ground, and the sound of the ax hitting the rocks
Sometime game maker will come in and talk/make fun of you adding to frustration
Relatively quiet otherwise for concentration and also no distractions so you can fully feel how excruciating the task is
It is understood that the user is supposed to use the mouse as it is the only input interface. Based on prior experience using computers, it is understood that the mouse moves you up, down, left, and right.
Tweenbot
By Kacie Kinzer
Tweenbots are human-dependent cardboard robots that navigate the city with the help of pedestrians they encounter. Rolling at a constant speed, in a straight line, Tweenbots have a destination displayed on a flag, they rely on people they meet to read this flag and to aim them in the right direction to reach their goal. The Tweenbot’s success is dependent people’s willingness to step outside of habitual actions and engage with a technological object in the city space. As emotive characters placed in the improbable setting of the city, Tweenbots create an unexpected interaction, disrupting the narratives of our everyday experience, and offering a fleeting and playful connection in the context of the city street.
Tweenbot description
Tweenbot
I love how tweenbot is made of such simple materials, yet is such a powerful project. Its design is super cute, which maybe makes it more friendly for people to want to approach it. I also like the level of involvement and interaction that a tiny robot is able to cause. Strangers are all working together to help Tweenbot reach its goal. It is a little heartwarming.
Visiting this exhibit taught me a lot about designing interfaces, and not just for games. It taught me how people interact with things in museum on display, and the proper amount of information needed for someone to understand how to interact with an object. For example, the labels all also have icons at the bottom that showed what the user was able to use to play the game (mouse, keyboard, touchpad, etc.). I also liked Flying Letters, and thought about what if there were letter interactions that juxtaposed each other, sort of like the horizontal and vertical line interaction that it was able to do. There was a horizontal line made with the letters HORIZONTAL and a vertical line with the letters VERTICAL, and you could play with where the lines intersect.
For scholarly research this week, I looked at an article called “Why Did Humans Evolve Pattern Recognition Abilities?” by Aditya Shukla.
Citation: Shukla, Aditya. “Why Did Humans Evolve Pattern Recognition Abilities?” Cognition Today, December 4, 2021.https://cognitiontoday.com/why-did-humans-evolve-pattern-recognition-abilities/.
Link: https://cognitiontoday.com/why-did-humans-evolve-pattern-recognition-abilities/
This article is similar to the previous one I wrote about about Superior Pattern Processing (SPP), but in more accessible language. It discusses why people are wired to see patterns evolutionarily, the brain structures in places that allow this pattern recognition to take places, and some of the side effects of this pattern processing. It also discusses how pattern processing is linked to memory and our senses like smell. This is part of the psychology of juxtaposition, which depends on pattern recognition or associations with symbols. Some important quotes are highlighted below:
This quote is about how we impose patterns even when there is none. This explains why in previous creative explorations, when I put random works together, I would form connections between objects where there wasn’t necessarily one.
Pattern recognition is evolutionarily advantageous for us, as it allowed us to recognize something we’ve seen before and behave accordingly, This is why it is so ingrained into the brain - part of it is always active seeking patterns. Again, why we see patterns sometimes when there isn't necessarily one - we are always on the lookout for it.
Pattern recognition can also lead to some negative things like confirmation bias and jumping to conclusions. This ties into some of the negative aspects of soft power, as this can be taken advantage of.
Overall this week, I got some really good inspiration for how and interactive work can encourage the audience to interact with it with the right discoverability and signifiers. Flying Letters also maybe gave some ideas for how I can make something related to juxtaposition interactive. I was also inspired by the simple material of the Tweenbot, and how it encourage people to come together to help it complete a goal. The article I read provided some clarity to the previous on on SPP, and more directly related to juxtaposition (How it works because of the patterns and connections we are able to make), and soft power (how pattern processing can lead to confirmation bias and jumping to conclusions).
7 Days of Iteration
REMINDER: Official post coming soon 🔥🔥
Notes from Meeting with Nancy 9/16/22
Put two disparate things together and see what happens
My capstone might be my process, meaning it’s more emergent
Finding a balance between knowing what I’m doing and giving myself room to explore
Play is important
Put some rules in place:
- 10 experiments over the course of the next week
- use 10 different materials
- It can't be more than 1-2 minutes per experiment
Or something like that....
Week 13: November 29
This week for scholarly research, I did a final look into semiotics with by taking look at The Semiotic Perspectives of Peirce and Saussure: A Brief Comparative Study
Citation: Yakin, Halina Sendera, and Andreas Totu. “The Semiotic Perspectives of Peirce and Saussure: A Brief Comparative Study.” Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences 155 (November 2014): 4–8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2014.10.247.
Link: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/277572736_The_Semiotic_Perspectives_of_Peirce_and_Saussure_A_Brief_Comparative_Study
Summary: The primary purpose of this paper is to make a comparative analysis between two leading scholars’ perspectives on semiotic theory, namely Charles Sanders Peirce and Ferdinand de Saussure. In addition, it is also aimed at discussing the linkage between communication and semiotic which can be grasped as a signification of symbol or simply as a study of sign in societal life. Apart from the communication field itself, the theory is commonly used as a reference in various fields such as philosophy, linguistic, arts and literature, archeology, architecture, mathematics and so on. The data has been attained by using content analysis technique of various studies on semiotic and related subject. This article is expected to generate positive contribution in underlining the significance of semiotic theory, not only towards the enhancement of the semiotic epistemology but also to other researchers and academicians in related fields or specific areas.
Specific sections of interest are attached below:
It’s interesting how all of these texts describe Saussure’c concepts in just a slightly different way. Sound pattern I don’t think was mentioned in the previous articles I read.
Here, Saussure says that signs are not signs unless they are intended to be interpreted as a sign, which I find interesting but I’m not sure I agree with.
This article focused on Peirce and Saussure’s theories in particular, rather than on semiotics as a whole like the other articles I have read. I focus on Saussure in particular. The signifier is the physical existence of the sign, which can be a word, symbol, or anything that can represent an object or concept. The signified is the object or mental concept that the sign brings about. For example, the symbol of a snowflake brings up the mental concept of a snowflake, as a small icy crystal that falls from the sky. This then may lead to other associations that come with the idea of snowflakes like winter, Christmas, the cold, snowstorms, etc. This makes sense. What I’m not sure about, or maybe am a little unclear about, is how a sign is only a sign if it is delivered with purpose and specific meaning intentionally. If a sign is delivered with purpose, but a very vague meaning, is it no longer a sign? Why can a sign not represent something signified if the person viewing it sees it that way? If it brings about a signified, I argue that it could be considered a sign.
For creative research and inspiration, I went to the New York Public Library main branch. I was not able to see all of the rooms as some of them were closed or full for tours for the day, but I was able to see a few objects:
I just thought the typefaces here were really beautiful
Trompe L’oeil with Paper Money, 1796
By Joseph Hunin After Jacques Callot
Wall card for Trompe L’oeil with Paper Money
Fan made of ivory and printed paper
Wall card for fan
The book at the top I initially saved because I found the typefaces to be really beautiful, and thought it was interesting that so many different ones were combined on one page. Usually this isn’t cohesive, but here I feel like it kind of works. On the topic of certain signs leading to certain signifiers, I thought about how certain typefaces can seem to go with certain words. Could typefaces sound as a semi-symbol that bring about certain mental concepts, making them a sign? I also enjoyed seeing the samples of the short-lived assignat juxtaposed with each other. The fact that there are so many variations yet it is short lived suggests instability, which make sense since this print is supposed to hint at the poverty that can come with putting all of your trust in paper money. A similar message can be found in the beautiful fan below that is also made of currency.
This week, I got a new perspective on Saussure and Peirce and semiotics. While I may disagree with Saussure on the necessity of intentionality for a sign, overall I have found his theory about making meaning to be key to understanding juxtaposition. For now though, I think I have done enough research on this subject. I also saw some more historical pieces that I generally found beautiful, but do act as examples of how juxtaposition can be used to convey a subtle message that may not be apparently obvious. My main focus now is going to be on finishing my paper, as well as deciding on an exact idea for my final form.
Week 2: September 13
This week, I started out thinking about collage, but ended by deciding to focus more on juxtaposition.
Day 1: Found material collage on printer paper
Explores collage as something that can be made of putting things together around you.
Day 2: Digital collage
Exploring the digital collage. Based on more “aesthetic” collages that can be found on the internet.
Day 3: Printer scans
Explores alternate ways of making collage with non-2D objects, and flattening them.
Day 4: Moodboard
Exploring mood boards as a type of collage
Day 5: Ugly moodboard
Exploring mood boards as a type of collage, but purposely making one that is ugly, and seeing how we make connections between the unrelated images and colors.
Day 6: Autofill poems
Used autofill in the Notes app to generate poems that are a collage of words. On the last one, it ran out of word suggestions.
I thought that it was interesting that in the one below, autocorrect ran out of suggestions.
Day 7: Cake! (Chocolate with vanilla frosting)
“Anyone who's ever put a stamp on an envelope or a note on their refrigerator knows what it's like to make a collage. There's no esoteric technique.” - Elliot Hundley
This is what I hate and like about collage - anyone can do it.
Going back to the ugly moodboard, I tried really hard to find things that were random, did not go together, or were just not aesthetically pleasing (some of the images were even a little gross. I gave it a nauseating pink background, and the colors were bright and clashing. However, despite my best efforts to try and make an anti-moodboard that seemed completely random and ugly, the more I look at it the more I feel like it works....? I couldn't tell you what mood it is giving, but I feel like I'm putting things together that aren't there.
This made me think about how humans tend to find patterns all the time in things that aren’t really there. There are actually several psychology articles about the subject.
Mattson, Mark P. “Superior pattern processing is the essence of the evolved human brain.” Frontiers in neuroscience vol. 8 265. 22 Aug. 2014, doi:10.3389/fnins.2014.00265
Chandrashekara, K. “Finding Patterns in Nature’s Maze: An Endless Quest.” Current Science, vol. 69, no. 5, 1995, pp. 406–09. JSTOR, http://www.jstor.org/stable/24097149. Accessed 19 Sep. 2022.
I feel like this week was just exploring juxtaposition as a new aspect of my topic, rather than just focusing on collage. I noticed it in my “ugly” moodboard how people find relations between things that aren’t there, which the articles by Mattson that I mentioned above basically says that our ability to recognize patterns to the extent that we can is part of what makes us human. I should keep this in mind in terms of how people perceive my project I suppose. Can I take advantage of this?
Also not as related, but speaking of two things that I didn't think would work but it does, a Kpop song I like by the group TXT called Eternally sounds like two different songs blended together, to the point that when my friend first showed it to me I thought it was two different songs. It switches from slow to dark and fast. But I really like it.
https://youtu.be/60RWCfwmfYc
