This week for scholarly research, I did a final look into semiotics with by taking look at The Semiotic Perspectives of Peirce and Saussure: A Brief Comparative Study
Citation: Yakin, Halina Sendera, and Andreas Totu. “The Semiotic Perspectives of Peirce and Saussure: A Brief Comparative Study.” Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences 155 (November 2014): 4–8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2014.10.247.
Link: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/277572736_The_Semiotic_Perspectives_of_Peirce_and_Saussure_A_Brief_Comparative_Study
Summary: The primary purpose of this paper is to make a comparative analysis between two leading scholars’ perspectives on semiotic theory, namely Charles Sanders Peirce and Ferdinand de Saussure. In addition, it is also aimed at discussing the linkage between communication and semiotic which can be grasped as a signification of symbol or simply as a study of sign in societal life. Apart from the communication field itself, the theory is commonly used as a reference in various fields such as philosophy, linguistic, arts and literature, archeology, architecture, mathematics and so on. The data has been attained by using content analysis technique of various studies on semiotic and related subject. This article is expected to generate positive contribution in underlining the significance of semiotic theory, not only towards the enhancement of the semiotic epistemology but also to other researchers and academicians in related fields or specific areas.
Specific sections of interest are attached below:
It’s interesting how all of these texts describe Saussure’c concepts in just a slightly different way. Sound pattern I don’t think was mentioned in the previous articles I read.
Here, Saussure says that signs are not signs unless they are intended to be interpreted as a sign, which I find interesting but I’m not sure I agree with.
This article focused on Peirce and Saussure’s theories in particular, rather than on semiotics as a whole like the other articles I have read. I focus on Saussure in particular. The signifier is the physical existence of the sign, which can be a word, symbol, or anything that can represent an object or concept. The signified is the object or mental concept that the sign brings about. For example, the symbol of a snowflake brings up the mental concept of a snowflake, as a small icy crystal that falls from the sky. This then may lead to other associations that come with the idea of snowflakes like winter, Christmas, the cold, snowstorms, etc. This makes sense. What I’m not sure about, or maybe am a little unclear about, is how a sign is only a sign if it is delivered with purpose and specific meaning intentionally. If a sign is delivered with purpose, but a very vague meaning, is it no longer a sign? Why can a sign not represent something signified if the person viewing it sees it that way? If it brings about a signified, I argue that it could be considered a sign.
For creative research and inspiration, I went to the New York Public Library main branch. I was not able to see all of the rooms as some of them were closed or full for tours for the day, but I was able to see a few objects:
I just thought the typefaces here were really beautiful
Trompe L’oeil with Paper Money, 1796
By Joseph Hunin After Jacques Callot
Wall card for Trompe L’oeil with Paper Money
Fan made of ivory and printed paper
Wall card for fan
The book at the top I initially saved because I found the typefaces to be really beautiful, and thought it was interesting that so many different ones were combined on one page. Usually this isn’t cohesive, but here I feel like it kind of works. On the topic of certain signs leading to certain signifiers, I thought about how certain typefaces can seem to go with certain words. Could typefaces sound as a semi-symbol that bring about certain mental concepts, making them a sign? I also enjoyed seeing the samples of the short-lived assignat juxtaposed with each other. The fact that there are so many variations yet it is short lived suggests instability, which make sense since this print is supposed to hint at the poverty that can come with putting all of your trust in paper money. A similar message can be found in the beautiful fan below that is also made of currency.
This week, I got a new perspective on Saussure and Peirce and semiotics. While I may disagree with Saussure on the necessity of intentionality for a sign, overall I have found his theory about making meaning to be key to understanding juxtaposition. For now though, I think I have done enough research on this subject. I also saw some more historical pieces that I generally found beautiful, but do act as examples of how juxtaposition can be used to convey a subtle message that may not be apparently obvious. My main focus now is going to be on finishing my paper, as well as deciding on an exact idea for my final form.
➤ GUŌ PÉI | 郭培 Spring Summer 2018 Couture Collection — ELYSIUM
This week, I went with Jack to Nick’s show titled Voluntary Attempts to Overcome Necessary Obstacles at the Elizabeth Foundation for the Arts. Here is a short description below:
https://www.projectspace-efanyc.org/voluntary-attempts-to-overcome-necessary-obstacles
While I don’t think my project will really be involved with the game design space, this was a good opportunity to get some ideas for interactivity with museum pieces, as well as how work is presented.
The wall when you first walk into the exhibit:
Sheet we were given about the exhibit:
Second packet with all of the works in the show:
Special highlights:
Let’s Play Greek Punishment, 2011
By Pippin Barr
This was a series of games about mythology. In this one about sisyphus, you click in order to push the boulder up the hill. However, you are never able to actually complete the task, so continue to click until the player gives up. It’s supposed to be an “anti-game”, where the conventional goals in most mainstream game play are taken away, and this is what you are left with.
The Soft Rumor of Spreading Weeds by Porpentine Charity
This really got me thinking about how to present objects in a gallery space. The small rounded carpet felt super intimate, and made me thing of playing games on the computer on the floor as a kid. This also made me think a little bit about my talk with Kelly McGowan last year, and how she did her capstone project about her bedroom. It gives me similar “cozy” feelings.
Folds of Separation by Studio Oleomingus
I was a big fan of the artwork for this piece, it was very intricate maze game. Not necessarily the type of gameplay that I enjoy (it was very frustrating), but I did enjoy looking at it.
The Cloister by Everest Pipkin
The artwork for this pice was stunning as well.
If I recall, this was the box that held the cards for World Ending Game by Everest Pipkin. The instructions for the game were long, and it took an hour to play it, so I felt that it was a bit of a risky move for the exhibit only because not everyone (including me), would have the time or patience to read the instructions and play the game. But I did appreciate the attention to detail (for example, as pictured here, the slot created for the cards and dice for the game in their storage box).
The Tearoom by Robert Yang
It was in a separate corner of the exhibit. You interacted with the game that was projected on a wall with a mouse that was on a pedestal in the middle of the room, giving it a super simple interface. It was a very weird game, where you played as a man in a very dingy bathroom. You were at a urinal, and were able to watch men who came in and out of the bathroom to pee, except all male genitalia was replaced with guns. Ultimately, after watching someone too many times at the urinal, the player was able to pleasure the man to completion in the gross bathroom. I was really confused after watching Jack play, but after talking to Nick about it, he explained that it was about how in videogames and on many social media platforms (although we were specifically talking about Twitch in this context) censor male genitalia, but guns are allowed. I guess it is a little weird when you think about it that objects that inflict violence are less censored than our own bodies on the internet. I will try to get the video from Jack and post it here, if Tumblr allows it
Also, in a smaller amount of creative research, I found a new material?
I went to an event for CSA (Chinese Student Association), and we made these foam clay moon cakes in celebration of mid autumn festival, using mooncake presses like the one I’ve attached here. I’ve somehow never used clay like this though, and when it dried (which it did much quicker than any clay I used growing up), it was super lightweight and more like foam clay than the hard, more pottery-like textures that other clay I used growing up. I also liked the idea of the presses. They remind me of the carving blocks we used in design I to create prints of letterforms, but they make a 3D object instead of 2D. Maybe I will explore this idea in a future experiment for my capstone, although I don’t know exactly how I am going to position this in terms of juxtaposition yet.
Overall this week, I feel like I am still working through exactly what form my project is going to take. I feel like the foam clay in an interesting medium for a future creative research or making, but not necessarily for a final medium. Same with the stamp/mold/block printing idea. They’re fun mediums that I may experiment with, but am not sold on yet for the final project. I really enjoyed going to see the exhibit that Nick curated. To be honest, my interest does not really lie in games, but I did get inspiration from seeing how works were presented in an exhibit space, and made notes on what did and what did not work, as I have elaborated above. I will definitely plan to see more exhibits in the coming weeks as well.
I can explore a technique, material, or technology
Sometimes choosing something smaller is better than something bigger
3D printing (after talking about the Taemin lightstick project)
What are people 3D printing?
Look at the most popular files and history of 3d printing
I want to explore collage: Giving myself a rule like a collage a day
Damien Davis
Acrylic collages
Am I more interested in the how of things rather than why?
Easier than choosing a social topic
Go on a walk
Stephanie Syjuco
Daan van den Berg
For scholarly research this week, I wanted to learn more about soft power. I read an article by Joseph Nye, the one who coined the term.
Citation: Nye, Joseph. “Soft Power: The Origins and Political Progress of a Concept.” Palgrave Communications 3, no. 1 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1057/palcomms.2017.8.
Link to article: https://www.nature.com/articles/palcomms20178
I learned more about the exact definition of soft power, straight from the source. He defines power as the following: “Power is the ability to affect others to get the outcomes one prefers, and that can be accomplished by coercion, payment, or attraction and persuasion. Soft power is the ability to obtain preferred outcomes by attraction rather than coercion or payment." I think it's interesting that he coined it because of an apparent decline in US imperialism, as I feel the same discussions are still being held today. He discussed how the meaning of the word has changed in relation to more recent events, and the varying responses to his invention of the word. I actually think still that soft power is underrated, because of its subtlety and its lack of discussion in politics. The same goes with juxtaposition, where I think that the power it has is subtle and underestimated.
I also wanted to highlight my own version of the recipe cards from that I saw at Poster House the previous week.
This is just a sample, but I was thinking maybe the cards could contain information about any objects I make, or maybe any significant quotes that I found in my research.
I was running out of blue ink, but I made the cards in photoshop and glued them to cardboard to make the cards.
It’s a little sloppy, but I enjoyed making them. I feel like they are less the main focus of my project, and maybe something that I would make to go along with it and hand out if I had time. I would need to figure out a way to mass make them though. The cards could probably be printed somewhere like CVS or staples, but I’m not sure if there’s a way to reproduce the carrying case cheaply (I’m sure getting a custom folder like that would be expensive) or easily (making that many by hand would take too much time. I will think further about this.
Overall this week, I was glad I got to learn more about the origins of soft power. The only reason I had heard that term before was in relation to Kpop, and how the tourism and hype that it brought has brought South Korea much more money and influence. I thought of the US as more of a hard power because of this country’s emphasis on the military, but I suppose our cultural influence would give use soft power as well. I would like to try to find another source that discusses this more in an art or media context though. I will also look more into the process of making the cards, or deciding exactly what information I would put on them. I may put it off for now though and decide to focus more on the main project, and make this more of an extra or side project.
This week for creative research and inspiration I went with Jack to Poster House on 23rd street.
We saw an exhibit called “Masked Vigilantes On Silent Motorbikes”
Title wall
AVW202 (Money Makers) on the left and MSSBUTTONS (Mighty Man of Valor) on the left by Nicholas Fraser
I really liked how this piece played with light and shadow, and how the cutouts from the banners were left attached. It made the banner itself a bit harder to read (especially with the imagery already on it), and you had to read the shadow for clarity.
These pieces (Dissonance #14 and Allusion) were collaged to make human faces (or parts of it), but with two different methods. The piece on the left was a more traditional collage, with different papers pieced together to make the human face. What is particularly interesting about the one on the right though, is that the shape of the eye actually is one piece of white paper that is overlaid over an image of a woman drawn comic style. What creates the image of the eye is small holes in the white paper that let more or less of the image underneath to show through and create shading. Our brain is able to connect the small dots together to piece them into the image of the eye. Just like how our brains create connections between things in juxtaposition, it can fill in the image of the eye from an arrangement of small holes in a piece of paper.
There was also an exhibit on the caricature or Air-India’s Maharaja, a cartoon caricature created for advertisements for Air-India.
I saw these posters which don’t exactly relate to my project, but I love the intricacy and the delicate patterns that are present.
And also the color palettes for these posters
I was also super inspired by this recipe card booklet full of recipes each from a different park of instead. I think the color palette and attention to detail (ex. the shape of the pocket) are really beautiful. The cards kind of remind me of Kpop photo cards I collect. They’re about the same size and I also keep them in a little binder. But I’ve been thinking go making some sort of pamphlet or booklet to hand out with mu art piece, and I think that this is a more unique option.
I really enjoyed my experience going to Poster House, and got some really good inspiration for color and type. All of the work was very beautiful. Dissonance #14 and Allusion were surprisingly complex, and made me think more about how we can piece together a bunch of little holes to create an image, which is gestalt. The recipe cards are also something I plan to maybe make in the future.
Finally, for scholarly research, I found this article about juxtaposition as a soft power.
Citation: Richard, Erica. “The Power of Juxtaposition.” Art21, April 21, 2020. https://art21.org/read/the-power-of-juxtaposition/.
Link: https://art21.org/read/the-power-of-juxtaposition/
The article is aimed at educators to show how contemporary artists combine their art-making with their roles as engaged citizens. It brings up the term soft power, and explains that "Soft power is a fitting term to describe the subtle and nuanced ways in which artists influence the social and political sphere.” Juxtaposition can be a way that artists can empower themselves to have influence in the social and political sphere by persuading viewers to see a juxtaposition and come to a particular conclusion. It also explains that "Juxtaposition is one tool used by contemporary artists to persuade viewers or elaborate on an idea; it demands that artists become conscious organizers of content.” I know that soft power is already a political term, so it’s interesting to see an overlap between politics and juxtaposition. I also feel like this is a good way of explaining its importance, which I was having trouble putting into words previously.
I was definitely inspired by the posters that I saw this week, even if I’m not sure if it’s really the final form that my project is going to take. I really like the way that the Nicholas Fraser banners played with light, and you sort of had to look at it at a certain angle to be read. I was also inspired by the colors and type in the Maharaja exhibit, particularly the recipe book. I just find it so delightful, and could be a good way to incorporate the making of a physical object to hand out for my project. I am also super intrigued by the concept of a soft power now, and plan to look maybe more into the history of the term, as I only know what it means on a surface level. It’s definitely an important aspect of juxtaposition though that I plan to incorporate into my final paper.
Complete documents of every scholarly research article I’ve found (WIP)