Two Steps Forward In The Search For Life On Mars

Two Steps Forward in the Search for Life on Mars

We haven’t found aliens but we are a little further along in our search for life on Mars thanks to two recent discoveries from our Curiosity Rover.

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We detected organic molecules at the harsh surface of Mars! And what’s important about this is we now have a lot more certainty that there’s organic molecules preserved at the surface of Mars. We didn’t know that before.

One of the discoveries is we found organic molecules just beneath the surface of Mars in 3 billion-year-old sedimentary rocks.

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Second, we’ve found seasonal variations in methane levels in the atmosphere over 3 Mars years (nearly 6 Earth years). These two discoveries increase the chances that the record of habitability and potential life has been preserved on the Red Planet despite extremely harsh conditions on the surface.

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Both discoveries were made by our chem lab that rides aboard the Curiosity rover on Mars.

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Here’s an image from when we installed the SAM lab on the rover. SAM stands for “Sample Analysis at Mars” and SAM did two things on Mars for this discovery.

One - it tested Martian rocks. After the arm selects a sample of pulverized rock, it heats up that sample and sends that gas into the chamber, where the electron stream breaks up the chemicals so they can be analyzed.

What SAM found are fragments of large organic molecules preserved in ancient rocks which we think come from the bottom of an ancient Martian lake. These organic molecules are made up of carbon and hydrogen, and can include other elements like nitrogen and oxygen. That’s a possible indicator of ancient life…although non-biological processes can make organic molecules, too.

The other action SAM did was ‘sniff’ the air.

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When it did that, it detected methane in the air. And for the first time, we saw a repeatable pattern of methane in the Martian atmosphere. The methane peaked in the warm, summer months, and then dropped in the cooler, winter months.

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On Earth, 90 percent of methane is produced by biology, so we have to consider the possibility that Martian methane could be produced by life under the surface. But it also could be produced by non-biological sources. Right now, we don’t know, so we need to keep studying the Mars!

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One of our upcoming Martian missions is the InSight lander. InSight, short for Interior Exploration using Seismic Investigations, Geodesy and Heat Transport, is a Mars lander designed to give the Red Planet its first thorough checkup since it formed 4.5 billion years ago. It is the first outer space robotic explorer to study in-depth the “inner space” of Mars: its crust, mantle, and core.

Finding methane in the atmosphere and ancient carbon preserved on the surface gives scientists confidence that our Mars 2020 rover and ESA’s (European Space Agency’s) ExoMars rover will find even more organics, both on the surface and in the shallow subsurface.

Read the full release on today’s announcement HERE. 

Make sure to follow us on Tumblr for your regular dose of space: http://nasa.tumblr.com.  

More Posts from Rocketbabyworld and Others

8 years ago

Tumblr: Don’t go see Doctor Strange, everyone. It’s going to be just a shitty movie. It’ll be so terrible. Just don’t go see it. It’s gonna be so bad.

Me:

Tumblr: Don’t Go See Doctor Strange, Everyone. It’s Going To Be Just A Shitty Movie. It’ll Be So
8 years ago

This is so true. I liked cacw but this is what really ruins it for me

but the entire first half of CA: the first avenger was showing steve's childhood and backstory.

(assuming this is a reply to this post)

By the time we see Steve in CATFA, he’s already an adult trying to enlist in the war. CATFA showed us a nice backstory of who Steve was (who he had grown to be at that point) before he had the serum, and who he turned into after it. 

Captain America: Civil War did not show us:

- who Steve’s mother was, what she was like, what she looked like, if she influenced Steve at all, what memories he has of her, how old she was when she died, how she died, how exactly her death affected Steve

- who Steve’s father was, if he was in Steve’s life at all, if he was symbolic in any way, what his name was, how he died, if his death affected Steve at all

- what steve looked like as a little kid (omf baby steve can you imaGINE)

- why Steve believes the things he believes, how he grew to fight prejudice, if prejudice and assumptions were important things in his childhood- if they had any affect on his family or on him- the evolution of his character born both out of himself and out of his environment and the things that must have happened to him

Captain America: Civil War did show us:

- who Tony’s mother was, what she was like, what she looked like, that she influenced Tony, what memories he had of her, how old she was when she died, how she died, and how exactly her death affected Tony

- who Tony’s father was, that he was in Tony’s life, that he was symbolic, what his name was, how he died, and how exactly his death affected Tony

- what Tony looked like as a young adult

- and why he believe the things he believes, how he grew to fear attachment and resent himself, the things he did and saw in his youth that impacted him in his adult life, the evolution of his character born both out of himself and out of his environment and the things that did happen to him


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7 years ago

One of the things I love about Steve Rogers is that he goes against the archetype of good/optimistic characters only being – and deriving their goodness/optimism from being – innocent and naïve.

Steve isn’t naïve. Steve grew up in hardship. In the comics, he was abused and watched his mother be beaten by his father. In the movies, he had no father, but was violently bullied and dirt poor. Steve grew up in the school of hard knocks, in the middle of the Depression; any naïveté about how cruel the world could be got beaten out of him as a child.

And then, Steve signed up to go to war. He fought on the front lines of WWII, and witnessed untold violence. Some comics and cartoons show him helping to free concentration camps. And he fought – Steve never had the luxury, as Cap, of having a “no killing” rule like Superman. He’s never relished taking lives, but he’s done it when necessary. Steve is no unsullied innocent.

From all this hardship, all this violence, Steve could easily be a character who has a grim, cynical outlook on the world. He’s seen and experienced the absolute worst of humanity; he’s borne witness to genocide, after all, and horrors of war. And usually, the characters who have endured brutality are the ones who are the bitter anti-heroes, or dark and angsty heroes – the Batmans and Daredevils, the Wolverines and Punishers. Meanwhile the hopeful, optimistic heroes are often the ones who have had warm and loving homes, and who haven’t been broken yet by the world.

But Steve, despite everything, stays hopeful. Steve believes in the best of humanity, in spite of having seen it at its worst. Steve believes in the importance of Good, because he has looked deep into the heart of Evil. 

Steve has suffered all his life, but he refuses to let the world break him. 

That refusal, that strength of outlook and principle, and that subversion of archetype with a rejection of the increasingly popular grimdark hero narrative, are all reasons I love Captain America, and find Steve Rogers a truly interesting and inspiring hero. 

6 years ago

I could use some good news

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This is my cat, Brigitte.

24 hours after I brought her home, I got a mindblowing job offer.  Since I adopted her nine years ago, my life has become an amusement park.  She has brought me good luck ever since I took her into my home.

I’m telling you, there’s something about this animal.  Good fortune follows her everywhere.

I don’t want to be selfish.  I have everything I need and then some.  So, I’m sharing her with you.

Reblog Brigitte and you’ll receive fantastic news in the next 24 hours.

And when you do, please remember to help your local SPCA and support them in the difficult work they do for wonder animals like Brigitte.  Any donation helps your SPCA, even if it’s just five bucks.

Kitties like Brigitte are counting on you to give back when they bring you good luck.

Thanks, and congratulations on your good news!

7 years ago

Today

Steve Rogers returned. The real deal. And so it is a good day.

8 years ago

Ilon Rka

I just realised where Kylo got his name from:

Ky = sKYwalker

Lo = soLO

Ren = literally just his birth name with an R

which means that when he was choosing his super scary Dark Lord name, he just mashed up the surnames of the most positive figures in his life. poor sod can’t even evil right

6 years ago

I don’t get it guys

I just don’t understand how people can hate/not like marvel heroes. They are literally all little bundles of goodness wrapped in flaws that make them human and relatable. I love each and everyone one of them for different reasons, never could I ever say a bad word against them.

reblog if you cherish and protect all of the marvel heroes <3

6 years ago
We’re Right There With You, Scott. Right There With You.
We’re Right There With You, Scott. Right There With You.
We’re Right There With You, Scott. Right There With You.
We’re Right There With You, Scott. Right There With You.

We’re right there with you, Scott. Right there with you.

6 years ago

Amazing answer to a disgustingly hypocritical post. As a big Stony fan I’m really shocked. Now I remember why I never go beyond my subscribes here

Some thoughts on fandom hatred in a time of hate and ugliness

The extreme negativity of the few assholes who style themselves “anti-Tony Stark” must be exhausting.

And this extends to ANY so-called “fan” who actively hates another fandom, a ship, a character – I don’t care what. You should be ashamed.

If you are simmering in your stew of hatred, thinking about hating a fictional story or ship or character every day, spending your precious time and energy blogging your jealousy or hatred…or worse, stalking the fandom tags and trying to ruin the joy of fandom for others – then you are part of the ugliness and negativity in this world that only leads to more ugliness and hate.

And don’t you think there’s more than enough hatred in this world already?

Do we really need hate and toxicity in fandom??

Fandom is supposed to be a fun escape for people who are passionate about a fictional character or characters, a story, a show or movie, a performer. If you try to turn that against itself, you’re not only unworthy of being a “fan,” you are part of this world’s problems.

Can you imagine, for instance, making a blog and a tag about some fictional thing you dislike – and then literally going onto the fandom tag of the people who love that character, or stalking passionate fans who love that particular thing, and spreading your hatred and ugliness?  

Can you imagine TRYING to ruin the joy and happiness of people who maintain a loyal fandom for that character – building whole blogs hating the thing they love, calling them names, sending them literal death threats, trying to – I don’t know what? “Change their minds” about a character they love?

That’s a fool’s errand. It won’t happen. Throwing slings and arrows at a thing only makes the people who love that thing circle the wagons in protection of what they love, and love it even more. Ruin their happiness? You can try - but it won’t happen. Really all you succeed in doing is having them think less of YOU – that you’re a bully and that you’re ridiculous.

You may think you’re having “fun” by being jealous of and hating a fandom, a character or a ship and spreading the hate around. You may wallow in this mire with a few other small-minded individuals who, like you, only want to curse and hate and defame and threaten. 

But in the end it’s not much “fun,” is it? Hating is toxic; it eats at the soul of the hater. Hate and negativity is usually the tactic of people with low self-esteem who want to build themselves up by attacking something. If you surround yourself with negativity and spend so much energy on bullying and hating and jealousy, it will come back upon YOU. You’re the one creating and living in the toxic stew. You’re the one spending your time actively trying to ruin others’ joy. You create your own reality. And – on top of all that – it’s just not getting you anywhere. Your negativity makes the lovers of the thing love the thing even more. It makes them actively dislike YOU. So you’re basically stuck in a poisonous loop of your own making.

How much better it would be, for your own mental health, to simply avoid the things you dislike, instead of showering toxicity on people who love and enjoy the things? How much better to spend your time and energy on POSITIVE things – blogging about the things you love, for instance?

tl; dr: Just about every day, we see that the world has more than enough hate and bullying and negativity. We don’t need it in fandom as well.

STOP FANDOM HATE AND NEGATIVITY.

For the rest of us:

Some Thoughts On Fandom Hatred In A Time Of Hate And Ugliness
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