I just wanted to give my answer in the comments, but I thought that replying in another post would be more practical, and it might also help other people :) So, I'll try my best to explain, don't hesitate to tell me if it's not clear! First of all, in your list, only "Qui est-ce ?" can be used as a question in this form. For the others, you need to add other words. Also : - que = what and que + est = qu' - qui = who and qui + il = qu' • Qu'est-ce que... ? This is used to ask "What is..." with a direct object - Qu'est-ce que c'est ? — What is it?/What is this? - Qu'est-ce que tu fais ? — What are you doing? - Qu'est-ce que tu veux faire ce soir ? — What do you want to do tonight? → You can replace "qu'est-ce que" with "quoi" as a direct object (more informal form) - Qu'est-ce que c'est ?/C'est quoi ? - Qu'est-ce que tu fais ?/Tu fais quoi ? - Qu'est-ce que tu veux faire ce soir ?/Tu veux faire quoi ce soir ? • Qu'est-ce qui... ? This is used to ask "What..." where "what" is the subject - Qu'est-ce qu'il se passe ? — What is happening? - Qu'est-ce qui est rouge ? — What is red? - Qu'est-ce qui t'intéresse ? — What interests you?
→ You can replace "qu'est-ce que" with "quoi" as the subject (more informal form)
- Qu'est-ce qu'il se passe ?/ Il se passe quoi ? - Qu'est-ce qui est rouge ?/C'est quoi qui est rouge ? - Qu'est-ce qui t'intéresse ?/C'est quoi qui t'intéresse ? • Qui est-ce ? This is correct as it is, it's used when asking about someone's identity - (Knock on the door) Qui est-ce ? — Who is it? - (Showing someone in a photo) Qui est-ce ? — Who is he/sher? • Qui est-ce qui... ? This is used to ask "Who..." where "who" is the subject - Qui est-ce qui a fait ça ? — Who did this? - Qui est-ce qui chante ? — Who is singing? - Qui est-ce qui cuisine ? — Who is cooking? → You can replace "qui est-ce qui" with "qui" as the subject (more informal form) - Qui est-ce qui a fait ça ?/Qui a fait ça ? - Qui est-ce qui chante ?/Qui chante ? - Qui est-ce qui cuisine ?/Qui cuisine ? • Qui est-ce que... ? This is used to ask "Who..." with a direct object - Qui est-ce que tu as vu ? — Who did you see? - Qui est-ce que tu cherches ? — Who are you looking for? - Qui est-ce que tu écoutes ? — Who are you listening to? → You can replace "qui est-ce que" with "qui" as a direct object (more informal form) - Qui est-ce que tu as vu ?/T'as vu qui ? - Qui est-ce que tu cherches ?/Tu cherches qui ? - Qui est-ce que tu écoutes ?/Tu écoutes qui ?
• To sum up: - Qu'est-ce que... → What... (direct object) - Qu'est-ce qui... → What... (subject) - Qui est-ce ? → Who is it? - Qui est-ce qui... → Who... (subject) - Qui est-ce que... → Who... (direct object)
Hope this helps! Feel free to tell me if you still have questions!
French teachers, please help with these chaos of questions!!!!
Qu'est-ce que?
Qu'est-ce qui?
Qui est-ce?
Qui est-ce qui?
Qui est-ce que?
My poor head! Its crazy!
PLEASE explain me the meaning of all of these.
My favorite jokes are about mispronouncing philosophers' names but I'm afraid it's a nietzsche subgenre
What they don’t tell you about speaking multiple languages is that your brain does not in fact have a box labeled Spanish and another one labeled German. Instead it has a box labeled “Not English” and sometimes when you’re talking or writing in one of the languages you speak it will just start pulling random words from that box.
Most of us who have learned another language end up with the attitude that it's best to read books in the original because some things just don't translate and in a real sense, you never really read a book if you read it in translation. While I generally agree with this attitude, at the same time I think it is unappreciative of the work that translators do.
Yes, there are a lot of bad translations out there, but there are also good translations. Good translation is a skill, and it's an incredible skill given what a good translator has to be able to do. They have to be fluent in not just two languages, but the nuances of two cultures. They have to be able to understand literature. They have to have writing skills on the level of the writer they are translating. If translating classical literature, they have to understand the historical context.
A good translator will include translator notes to try and explain the nuances that get lost in translation, cultural nuances, and historical context if it's classical literature. Yes, this means that they have to teach you a little bit of the language and culture of the original. Therefore, a good translator will give you an appreciation for a language that you hadn't had before.
Learning a new language really does make you aware of how many fucking words there are. Waaaaaay too many things in this world that need their own special little word. Grow up.
(Hi! I am Chahtawordoftheday!)
Each new generation is responsible for proliferating their stories. I created this blog because, as a Native, this is hard to do alone. Want to brush up on Chahta anumpa (The Choctaw language) with me? Then this is the blog for you! Look forward to daily vocab, reposted lessons of the day from The Choctaw Nation of Oklahoma's website, and a spotlight on Native art/resources.
Speaking of which, here are my favorite Chahta language learning resources:
Here is an online dictionary-makes it easy to check for words/definitions every day! (I know I do)
The Choctaw Dictionary - Choctaw Nation of Oklahoma
Here is another site I find myself on often-if you are a IPA nerd like I am then you will love this phonic! (and even if you are not, it can still help your understanding of Choctaw words when written vs spoken)
Choctaw Pronunciation Guide, Alphabet and Phonology
Here is the home language page on the Choctaw Nation of Oklahoma's site-Look here for common phrases, the lesson of the day, and for who to contact in order to request translations!
Language - Choctaw Nation of Oklahoma
This page on the Choctaw Nation of Oklahoma's website offers multiple options for language-including virtual, in person, and self-directed! I personally recommend self-directed, especially if you are family with Canvas, registration for this course is the easiest and quickest!
Choctaw Language Classes - Choctaw Nation of Oklahoma
Here is The University of Oklahoma's Choctaw Language Course Catalogue
CHOC-Choctaw < University of Oklahoma
Here is the r/Choctaw Reddit page-an eclectic and lovely place to reach out to your community as well as look for information
Choctaw Nation of Oklahoma
If there are any resources you like me to highlight, please let me know! Feel free to tag me in simple posts you'd like translations too, like a picture of a cat (katos) or a snake (sinti), request subjects for the word of the day, and to otherwise dm me! I can't wait to go on this journey with you!
Chi pisa la chike, yakoke! (goodbye and thank you!)
Polyglots will do anything to sell you something, so here’s the fastest and most basic technique based on my research.
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Step 1 – Getting the Absolute Basics In
This is where most people already get lost. If you search social media for how to start, the advice isn’t necessarily bad, but it often makes you dependent on a single resource, usually an app that will eventually try to charge you. Duolingo, for example, has turned into a mega-corporation that perfected gamification to keep you on the app.
Remember: free apps make money by keeping you on their platform, not by helping you become fluent.
At this stage, the goal is not to gain conversational skills but to avoid overwhelming yourself and get a feel for what you’re actually getting into. All my recommended resources are free because I believe learning a language should be a basic right. I wouldn’t advise spending any money until you’re sure you’ll stick with it. Otherwise, it can turn into a toxic “but I paid for this, so I have to keep going” mindset that drains all the fun out of learning.
• Language Transfer – Highly recommended for Spanish, Arabic, Turkish, German, Greek, Italian, Swahili, and French.
• Textbooks – Simply search for [language] textbook PDF, or check LibGen and the Internet Archive. Don’t overthink which book to choose—it doesn’t matter much.
• Podcasts – Coffee Break is a solid choice for many languages.
• YouTube Channels – Join r/Learn[language] on Reddit and find recommendations.
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Step 2 – The 20/80 Principle
The idea is that 20% of words make up 80% of everyday speech.
What you’re going to do:
Search “Most common words [language] PDF”.
This list is now your best friend
For flashcards, I highly recommend AnkiPro. It lets you import pre-made lists for Anki/Quizlet and has an archive where you’ll definitely find the most common words. But it lacks audio. The real Anki program has it, but only on PC (unless you’re willing to pay $30 for the mobile app). Use AnkiPro for now—we’ll come back to repeating phrases later. In the meantime, find a YouTube video with the most common words pronounced, or use Google Translate for audio.
(Knowt is a free alternative for Quizlet if you prefer that)
These lists will spare you from learning unnecessary vocabulary at this stage. Spaced repetition (which Anki uses) can take longer, but it’s worth it because you want these words to stick. Anki will only introduce a small number of new words per day. Once you start new words, write phrases using them. Doesn’t matter if they’re random just try to use them.
—
Step 3 – The First Breakup With the Language
This isn’t really a step, but I have to mention it. For me (and for other language learners I’ve talked to) this is where motivation crashes.
The dopamine rush is over. Your ego boost is gone. You’re stuck understanding just enough to notice how much you don’t understand, and topics are getting more complex. Everything feels overwhelming, and motivation drops.
This is normal. You have to push through it.
I’ll write a separate post on how I manage this phase, but for now:
• Take a step back and make sure you understand the basics.
• Find something that keeps you motivated.
• Consistency is key. Even if it’s just five minutes a day, do it. (Edit: You can search online for inspiration on scheduled plans. I found one that organizes language exercises into different categories based on how much time you have each day, which seems helpful. https://www.reddit.com/r/languagelearning/s/sSGUtORurM
Personally, I used AI to create a weekly plan kind of as a last resort before giving up on the language, but try looking for pre-made ones first.)
I personally enjoyed story learning during this phase. And don’t forget the frequency lists are still your best friend. For story learning check out Olly Richards books!
—
Step 4 – Immersion
Your brain needs active and passive immersion. The earlier steps were mostly active, and now you’ll start the fun part.
How to Immerse Yourself:
1. Join some kind of community.
• I enjoy Reddit/ r/lean[Language]. Do this in your target language, but also in the language you already speak. Post that you’re looking for a chat partner in your target language. The most people are nice, and the mean ones will just ghost you anyway.
2. Watch shows.
• Subtitles only in your target language or drop English subtitles ASAP.
3. Listen to podcasts.
4. Read
I personally dislike media made for kids (except on low-energy days). For real immersion, pick something for adults.
5. Translate, write, and speak.
Before this, you wrote simple sentences using vocabulary. Now, put them to work:
• Translate texts.
• Keep a diary.
• Write short stories.
• Complain about the language in the language.
It doesn’t matter, just use it.
—
Step 5 – Speaking
Start speaking earlier than you think you’re ready. Trust me. This is probably where most people disagree with me. I do think you should start by focusing on input, but the importance of output isn’t talked about enough.
Now, the real Anki (or any program with phrases + audio) comes into play. At lower levels, it doesn’t make sense to just start talking, since you wouldn’t even be able to recognize your mistakes. Here’s what you’ll do:
1. Repeat phrases out loud.
2. Record yourself speaking.
3. Compare your recording to the original audio and adjust your pronunciation.
If it’s a tonal language (or if you struggle with accents), start this even earlier.
Other Speaking Strategies:
• Shadowing – Repeat after native speakers.
• Reading aloud – Your own texts, books, anything.
• Talking to yourself.
• Talking to natives (if you’re brave).
I’m not here to fix social anxiety, but I am here to help with language learning, so just speak.
—
Final Thoughts
• These steps overlap, and that’s fine.
• This is supposed to be fun. Learning just because you’re “too deep in” or because of school won’t cut it.
• If you’re lost, take a step back.
• I’m not a professional. I just think a straight answer is way too hard to find.
—
If you have anything to add, feel free to share.
i sometimes envision learners of hungarian as a second language encountering the word község and reading it with a zs like no that's obviously a z s you doofus why havent you memorised each word's individual etymology yet
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A shy little ghost who has fallen in love with languages and wants to become a polyglot. A jumble of discovery and random information. Oh, and also a conlanger :)
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