The Sudbury Neutrino Observatory (SNO)

The Sudbury Neutrino Observatory (SNO)
The Sudbury Neutrino Observatory (SNO)
The Sudbury Neutrino Observatory (SNO)

The Sudbury Neutrino Observatory (SNO)

Located in a cave more than a mile underground in Canada, SNO can be thought of as a type of telescope, though it bears little resemblance to the image most people associate with that word. It consists of an 18-meters-in-diameter stainless steel geodesic sphere inside of which is an acrylic vessel filled with 1000 tons of heavy water (deuterium oxide or D2O). Attached to the sphere are 9,522 ultra-sensitive light-sensors called photomultiplier tubes. When neutrinos passing through the heavy water interact with deuterium nuclei, flashes of light, called Cerenkov radiation, are emitted. The photomultiplier tubes detect these light flashes and convert them into electronic signals that scientists can analyze for the presence of all three types of neutrinos. 

Berkeley Lab

More Posts from Carlosalberthreis and Others

8 years ago

Plutão, o pequeno planeta anão, localizado nos confins do nosso Sistema Solar, que até pouco mais de um ano atrás não passava de um amontoado de pixels nas melhores imagens que tínhamos dele, hoje, é um dos objetos mais fascinantes e mais estudado pelo menos por aqueles que estudam ciência planetária.

Além disso, certamente é o objeto que mais surpresas tem nos revelado nesse último ano de intensas pesquisas.

Como já falei aqui para vocês, o próprio Alan Stern, resumiu numa frase toda a agitação nos estudos sobre Plutão, dizendo, simplesmente, que Plutão é o novo Marte.

Essa semana a revista Nature trouxe uma série de 4 artigos sobre Plutão, artigos que mostram estudos feitos principalmente sobre a Sputnik Planitia, sobre o possível oceano na sua subsuperfície, sobre o papel dela na orientação da órbita de Plutão entre outras coisas.

A planície possivelmente se formou com o choque de um objeto do Cinturão de Kuiper com cerca de 250 km de diâmetro a aproximadamente 4 bilhões de ano atrás.

Quando se criou essa enorme bacia, ela foi preenchida com uma água densa, combinada com o nitrogênio da superfície, formando ali um excesso de massa que fez com que Plutão sofresse uma rotação, reorientando-o com relação a Caronte.

Toda vez que se fala em oceano num mundo congelado, a primeira pergunta que vem na cabeça, ou o primeiro pensamento é, será que existe vida nesse oceano? Esse é um pensamento meio que óbvio já que a vida na Terra, como a conhecemos começou nos oceanos.

O sistema de Plutão, ou seja, o planeta anão e seus satélites é um sistema rico em amônia, a amônia já foi detectada em Caronte e nos demais satélites de Plutão, indicando que muito provavelmente existe amônia no interior de Plutão.

A amônia seria o elemento responsável para não deixar que o oceano abaixo da superfície de Plutão congele, ele é mantido numa viscosidade semelhante a de um mel.

As condições não são boas, o oceano tem amônia, é muito frio, tem água salgada, ou seja, não é um lugar para se encontrar germes, peixes, lulas gigantes, mas como pode acontecer em Titã que algum tipo de organismo poderia começar a existir nos oceanos de amônia, poderia ter um novo tipo de vida adaptável a esse ambiente.

De acordo com os pesquisadores, a vida pode suportar quase tudo, as salmoras, o frio extremo, o calor extremo, mas dificilmente suportaria a quantidade de amônia existente ali para manter o oceano no estado líquido.

Todas essas ideias sobre o oceano de Plutão são validas, mas são só inferências, sem medidas diretas, se quisermos realmente provar a existência desse oceano, teríamos que mandar uma sonda para Plutão que entraria em órbita e realizaria medidas de gravidade, provando a presença ou não do oceano.

Uma implicação importante desse trabalho é levantar a questão sobre a possibilidade de se encontrar oceanos em outros objetos do Cinturão de Kuiper, será que a fronteira do Sistema Solar é repleta de oceanos protegidos? E a vida, será que pode proliferar nesses oceanos? Por enquanto só ficamos com as especulações.

(via https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=H_LOJJm29C8)

7 years ago
Comet C/2016 R2 (now With A Biparted Tail) Passing California Nebula
Comet C/2016 R2 (now With A Biparted Tail) Passing California Nebula
Comet C/2016 R2 (now With A Biparted Tail) Passing California Nebula
Comet C/2016 R2 (now With A Biparted Tail) Passing California Nebula

Comet C/2016 R2 (now with a biparted tail) passing California Nebula

by Ritzelmut

6 years ago
Aldebaran, Venus, Jupiter And Pleiades - Buenos Aires, Argentina.

Aldebaran, Venus, Jupiter and Pleiades - Buenos Aires, Argentina.

Image credit: Luis Argerich

7 years ago
Enquanto A Lua Passava Em Frente Do Sol Durante O Eclipse Total Do Dia 21 De Agosto De 2017, Um Fotógrafo

Enquanto a Lua passava em frente do Sol durante o eclipse total do dia 21 de Agosto de 2017, um fotógrafo da NASA capturou uma foto que pode ser considerada mais rara do que o próprio eclipse.

Joel Kowsky, um dos editores de fotografia da agência, foi até Banner no Wyoming, para ver o eclipse total do Sol, quando ele fotografou a Estação Espacial Internacional passando na frente do Sol crescente.

Abaixo você pode ver um vídeo que foi feito usando uma câmera de alta velocidade que registrou 1500 frames por segundo. Ele também fotografou a ISS com uma câmera padrão.

Essa alta velocidade é necessária pois a ISS tem o tamanho de um campo de futebol, orbita a Terra a cerca de 300 km de altura e se move a uma velocidade 17500 milhas por hora.

Para fazer esse belo registro é necessário um pouco de sorte e meses e meses de planejamento.

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7 years ago

O que vamos ter em dezembro de 2017!

What's Up - December 2017

What’s Up For December? Geminid and Ursid meteor showers & winter constellations!

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This month hosts the best meteor shower of the year and the brightest stars in familiar constellations.

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The Geminds peak on the morning of the 14th, and are active from December 4th through the 17th. The peak lasts for a full 24 hours, meaning more worldwide meteor watchers will get to see this spectacle.

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Expect to see  up to 120 meteors per hour between midnight and 4 a.m. but only from a dark sky. You’ll see fewer after moonrise at 3:30 a.m. local time.

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In the southern hemisphere, you won’t see as many, perhaps 10-20 per hour, because the radiant never rises above the horizon.

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Take a moment to enjoy the circle of constellations and their brightest stars around Gemini this month.

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Find yellow Capella in the constellation Auriga. 

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Next-going clockwise–at 1 o'clock find Taurus and bright reddish Aldebaran, plus the Pleiades. 

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At two, familiar Orion, with red Betelguese, blue-white Rigel, and the three famous belt stars in-between the two.   

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Next comes Leo, and its white lionhearted star, Regulus at 7 o'clock.

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Another familiar constellation Ursa Major completes the view at 9 o'clock.

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There’s a second meteor shower in December, the Ursids, radiating from Ursa Minor, the Little Dipper. If December 22nd  and the morning of December 23rd are clear where you are, have a look at the Little Dipper’s bowl, and you might see about ten meteors per hour. Watch the full What’s Up for December Video: 

There are so many sights to see in the sky. To stay informed, subscribe to our What’s Up video series on Facebook. Make sure to follow us on Tumblr for your regular dose of space: http://nasa.tumblr.com.   

8 years ago

Como se formou o Sistema Solar?

Acho que muitos devem saber, existia uma nuvem de poeira e gás, e por alguma perturbação esse gás e essa poeira começaram a se aglutinar até dar origem ao Sol e ao seu disco protoplanetário.

Mas o que perturbou originalmente a nuvem? Sempre se falou de que a onda de choque gerada por uma supernova poderia ter feito, sempre foi falado, mas agora pode ter sido provado.

Um grupo de astrônomos estudaram núcleos de vida curta presentes em meteoritos, núcleos que só podem ter sido criados no interior de supernovas.

Basicamente os pesquisadores estudaram o berílio-10, um núcleo radioativo de vida curta vastamente distribuído nos meteoritos.

Esse berílio-10 pode ter sido gerado por vários processos, inclusive pela explosão de uma supernova de grande massa ou de uma de baixa massa.

Ao modelar a presença do berílio-10 de maneira geral nos meteoritos só sobrou a chamada supernova de colapso de núcleo de baixa massa para explicar essa abundância, além também de explicar a presença de outros elementos como o cálcio-41, o paládio-107 entre outros.

Quando falamos que os asteroides e consequentemente os meteoritos guardam os segredos da formação do Sistema Solar, estamos dizendo exatamente isso, num estudo praticamente forense, é possível detectar resquícios do início da vida do nosso Sistema Solar a 4.6 bilhões de anos atrás.

Obviamente serão necessários mais estudos para confirmar essa hipótese com o menor grau de incerteza, estudos posteriores terão que ser realizados, até mesmo para explicar alguns mistérios, que podem ser atribuídos a outras fontes.

Mas, por enquanto, aquela velha frase é mais valida do que nunca, somos feitos de poeira e de restos de estrelas!!!

(via https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=w7X1Lc7CmxI)

9 years ago

How Well Do You Know Mercury?

Mercury is the smallest planet in our solar system and is only slightly larger than Earth’s moon. To give you some perspective, if the sun were as tall as a typical front door, Earth would be the size of a nickel and Mercury would be about as big as a green pea.

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Mercury is the closest planet to the sun. Daytime temperatures can reach 430 degrees Celsius (800 degrees Fahrenheit) and drop to –180 degrees Celsius (-290 degrees Fahrenheit) at night.

Here are a few fun facts about Mercury:

Mercury takes only 88 Earth days to orbit the sun

If we could stand on Mercury’s surface when it is at its closest point to the sun, the sun would appear more than three times larger than it does here on Earth

Mercury is home to one of the largest impact basins in the solar system: the Caloris Basin. The diameter of this impact basin is the length of 16,404 football fields (minus the end zones) placed end to end!

Mercury is one of only two planets in our solar system that do not have moons (Venus is the other one)

Mercury completes three rotations for every two orbits around the sun. That means that if you wanted to stay up from sunrise to sunrise on Mercury, you’d be up for 176 Earth days…you’d need a LOT of coffee! 

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Two missions have visited Mercury:

Mariner 10 was the first mission to Mercury, and 30 years later, our MESSENGER mission was the second to visit the planet. Mariner 10 was also the first spacecraft to reach one planet by using the gravity of another planet (in this case, Venus) to alter its speed and trajectory.

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MESSENGER was the first spacecraft to orbit Mercury, The spacecraft had its own shades to protect it from the light of the sun. This is important since sunlight on Mercury can be as much as 11 times brighter than it is here on Earth. The spacecraft was originally planned to orbit Mercury for one year, but exceeded expectations and worked for over four years capturing extensive data. On April 30, 2015, the spacecraft succumbed to the pull of solar gravity and impacted Mercury’s surface.

Water Ice?

The MESSENGER spacecraft observed compelling support for the long-held hypothesis that Mercury harbors abundant water ice and other frozen volatile materials in its permanently shadowed polar craters.

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This radar image of Mercury’s north polar region. The areas shown in red were captured by MESSENGER, compared to the yellow deposits imaged by Earth-based radar. These areas are believed to consist of water ice.

Mercury Transit of the Sun

For more than seven hours on Monday, May 9, Mercury will be visible as a tiny black dot crossing the face of the sun. This rare event – which happens only slightly more than once a decade – is called a transit.

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Where: Skywatchers in Western Europe, South America and eastern North America will be able to see the entirety of the transit. The entire 7.5-hour path across the sun will be visible across the Eastern U.S. – with magnification and proper solar filters – while those in the West can observe the transit in progress at sunrise.

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Watch: We will stream a live program on NASA TV and the agency’s Facebook page from 10:30 to 11:30 a.m. – an informal roundtable during which experts representing planetary, heliophysics and astrophysics will discuss the science behind the Mercury transit. Viewers can ask questions via Facebook and Twitter using #AskNASA. Unlike the 2012 Venus transit of the sun, Mercury is too small to be visible without magnification from a telescope or high-powered binoculars. Both must have safe solar filters made of specially-coated glass or Mylar; you can never look directly at the sun.

To learn more about our solar system and the planets, visit: http://solarsystem.nasa.gov/

Make sure to follow us on Tumblr for your regular dose of space: http://nasa.tumblr.com

1 month ago
Pôr Da Lua No Pôr Do Sol! 🌙☀️

Pôr da Lua no Pôr do Sol! 🌙☀️

📅 Data de registro: 5 de agosto de 2024 às 18:23


Tags
9 years ago

Science, Technology, Engineering and Math: STEM

Today is College Signing Day and we’re working with the White House to celebrate all graduating seniors and inspire more young people to Reach Higher and enroll in higher education.

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Additionally, choosing a degree within a STEM (Science, Math, Engineering and Technology) field enables the United States to remain the global economic and technological leader. We feel that it’s our duty to help inspire the next generation of scientists, technologists, engineers and astronauts.

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It’s important that each and every student feels empowered and equipped with the knowledge to solve tough problems, evaluate evidence and analyze information. These are all skills students can learn through studying a subjects in STEM.

College is one of the stepping stones to many careers, including becoming an astronaut! Here are a few of our astronauts on their college graduation day, along with their astronaut portrait. 

Astronaut Victor Glover

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Undergraduate: California Polytechnic State University Graduate: Air University and Naval Postgraduate School Astronaut Class: 2013

Astronaut Reid Wiseman

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Undergraduate: Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute Graduate: Johns hopkins University Astronaut Class: 2009

Astronaut Thomas Marshburn

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Undergraduate: Davidson College Graduate: University of Virginia, Wake Forest University and University of Texas medical Branch Astronaut Class: 2004

Astronaut Karen Nyberg

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Undergraduate: University of North Dakota Graduate: University of Texas at Austin Astronaut Class: 2000

Astronaut Bob Behnken

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Undergraduate: Washington University Graduate: California Institute of Technology Astronaut Class: 2000

Astronaut Peggy Whitson

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Undergraduate: Iowa Wesleyan College Graduate: Rice University Astronaut Class: 1996

Astronaut Joseph Acaba

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Undergraduate: University of California Graduate: University of Arizona Astronaut Class: 2004

Astronaut Rex Walheim

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Undergraduate: University of California, Berkeley Graduate: University of Houston Astronaut Class: 1996

Whether you want to be an astronaut, an engineer or the administrator of NASA, a college education opens a universe of possibilities:

Administrator Charles Bolden

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Here, Administrator Bolden wears the jersey of Keenan Reynolds, a scholar athlete who graduates from the Naval Academy this year. His jersey is on its way to the college football hall of fame. Bolden holds a drawing of himself as a midshipman in the Navy. 

Deputy Administrator Dava Newman

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Deputy Administrator Dava Newman sports her college shirt, along with Lisa Guerra, Technical Assistant to the Associate Administrator. Both women studied aerospace engineering at Notre Dame. 

Make sure to follow us on Tumblr for your regular dose of space: http://nasa.tumblr.com

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carlosalberthreis - Carlos Alberth Reis
Carlos Alberth Reis

1994.4.26 • Parintins, Amazonas, Brasil

191 posts

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