A China Lançou Com Sucesso Um Satélite De Comunicação Lunar, Desenvolvido Para Ajudar Na Missão

Vacina Sim

A vacina induz o organismo a criar defesas necessárias para neutralizar o vírus em uma eventual contaminação.

"··· É uma falsa equivalência equiparar o risco da vacina ao COVID. É 100.000 vezes mais perigoso não ser vacinado."

#VacinaSim

Twitter

Sarah Rugheimer on Twitter

“My sister's a vaccine skeptic and now has COVID. There are 2 choices - get the vaccine, or get COVID. There's no 3rd option of zero risk i

Science, Technology, Engineering and Math: STEM

Today is College Signing Day and we’re working with the White House to celebrate all graduating seniors and inspire more young people to Reach Higher and enroll in higher education.

Additionally, choosing a degree within a STEM (Science, Math, Engineering and Technology) field enables the United States to remain the global economic and technological leader. We feel that it’s our duty to help inspire the next generation of scientists, technologists, engineers and astronauts.

It’s important that each and every student feels empowered and equipped with the knowledge to solve tough problems, evaluate evidence and analyze information. These are all skills students can learn through studying a subjects in STEM.

College is one of the stepping stones to many careers, including becoming an astronaut! Here are a few of our astronauts on their college graduation day, along with their astronaut portrait. 

Astronaut Victor Glover

Undergraduate: California Polytechnic State University Graduate: Air University and Naval Postgraduate School Astronaut Class: 2013

Astronaut Reid Wiseman

Undergraduate: Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute Graduate: Johns hopkins University Astronaut Class: 2009

Astronaut Thomas Marshburn

Undergraduate: Davidson College Graduate: University of Virginia, Wake Forest University and University of Texas medical Branch Astronaut Class: 2004

Astronaut Karen Nyberg

Undergraduate: University of North Dakota Graduate: University of Texas at Austin Astronaut Class: 2000

Astronaut Bob Behnken

Undergraduate: Washington University Graduate: California Institute of Technology Astronaut Class: 2000

Astronaut Peggy Whitson

Undergraduate: Iowa Wesleyan College Graduate: Rice University Astronaut Class: 1996

Astronaut Joseph Acaba

Undergraduate: University of California Graduate: University of Arizona Astronaut Class: 2004

Astronaut Rex Walheim

Undergraduate: University of California, Berkeley Graduate: University of Houston Astronaut Class: 1996

Whether you want to be an astronaut, an engineer or the administrator of NASA, a college education opens a universe of possibilities:

Administrator Charles Bolden

Here, Administrator Bolden wears the jersey of Keenan Reynolds, a scholar athlete who graduates from the Naval Academy this year. His jersey is on its way to the college football hall of fame. Bolden holds a drawing of himself as a midshipman in the Navy. 

Deputy Administrator Dava Newman

Deputy Administrator Dava Newman sports her college shirt, along with Lisa Guerra, Technical Assistant to the Associate Administrator. Both women studied aerospace engineering at Notre Dame. 

Make sure to follow us on Tumblr for your regular dose of space: http://nasa.tumblr.com

Infrared is Beautiful

Why was James Webb Space Telescope designed to observe infrared light? How can its images hope to compare to those taken by the (primarily) visible-light Hubble Space Telescope? The short answer is that Webb will absolutely capture beautiful images of the universe, even if it won’t see exactly what Hubble sees. (Spoiler: It will see a lot of things even better.)

The James Webb Space Telescope, or Webb, is our upcoming infrared space observatory, which will launch in 2019. It will spy the first luminous objects that formed in the universe and shed light on how galaxies evolve, how stars and planetary systems are born, and how life could form on other planets.

What is infrared light? 

This may surprise you, but your remote control uses light waves just beyond the visible spectrum of light—infrared light waves—to change channels on your TV.

Infrared light shows us how hot things are. It can also show us how cold things are. But it all has to do with heat. Since the primary source of infrared radiation is heat or thermal radiation, any object that has a temperature radiates in the infrared. Even objects that we think of as being very cold, such as an ice cube, emit infrared.

There are legitimate scientific reasons for Webb to be an infrared telescope. There are things we want to know more about, and we need an infrared telescope to learn about them. Things like: stars and planets being born inside clouds of dust and gas; the very first stars and galaxies, which are so far away the light they emit has been stretched into the infrared; and the chemical fingerprints of elements and molecules in the atmospheres of exoplanets, some of which are only seen in the infrared.

In a star-forming region of space called the ‘Pillars of Creation,’ this is what we see with visible light:

And this is what we see with infrared light:

Infrared light can pierce through obscuring dust and gas and unveil a more unfamiliar view.

Webb will see some visible light: red and orange. But the truth is that even though Webb sees mostly infrared light, it will still take beautiful images. The beauty and quality of an astronomical image depends on two things: the sharpness of the image and the number of pixels in the camera. On both of these counts, Webb is very similar to, and in many ways better than, Hubble. Webb will take much sharper images than Hubble at infrared wavelengths, and Hubble has comparable resolution at the visible wavelengths that Webb can see.

Webb’s infrared data can be translated by computer into something our eyes can appreciate – in fact, this is what we do with Hubble data. The gorgeous images we see from Hubble don’t pop out of the telescope looking fully formed. To maximize the resolution of the images, Hubble takes multiple exposures through different color filters on its cameras.

The separate exposures, which look black and white, are assembled into a true color picture via image processing. Full color is important to image analysis of celestial objects. It can be used to highlight the glow of various elements in a nebula, or different stellar populations in a galaxy. It can also highlight interesting features of the object that might be overlooked in a black and white exposure, and so the images not only look beautiful but also contain a lot of useful scientific information about the structure, temperatures, and chemical makeup of a celestial object.

This image shows the sequences in the production of a Hubble image of nebula Messier 17:

Here’s another compelling argument for having telescopes that view the universe outside the spectrum of visible light – not everything in the universe emits visible light. There are many phenomena which can only be seen at certain wavelengths of light, for example, in the X-ray part of the spectrum, or in the ultraviolet. When we combine images taken at different wavelengths of light, we can get a better understanding of an object, because each wavelength can show us a different feature or facet of it. 

Just like infrared data can be made into something meaningful to human eyes, so can each of the other wavelengths of light, even X-rays and gamma-rays.

Below is an image of the M82 galaxy created using X-ray data from the Chandra X-ray Observatory, infrared data from the Spitzer Space Telescope, and visible light data from Hubble. Also note how aesthetically pleasing the image is despite it not being just optical light:

Though Hubble sees primarily visible light, it can see some infrared. And despite not being optimized for it, and being much less powerful than Webb, it still produced this stunning image of the Horsehead Nebula.

It’s a big universe out there – more than our eyes can see. But with all the telescopes now at our disposal (as well as the new ones that will be coming online in the future), we are slowly building a more accurate picture. And it’s definitely a beautiful one. Just take a look…

…At this Spitzer infrared image of a shock wave in dust around the star Zeta Ophiuchi.

…this Spitzer image of the Helix Nebula, created using infrared data from the telescope and ultraviolet data from the Galaxy Evolution Explorer.

…this image of the “wing” of the Small Magellanic Cloud, created with infrared data from Spitzer and X-ray data from Chandra.

…the below image of the Milky Way’s galactic center, taken with our flying SOFIA telescope. It flies at more than 40,000 feet, putting it above 99% of the  water vapor in Earth’s atmosphere– critical for observing infrared because water vapor blocks infrared light from reaching the ground. This infrared view reveals the ring of gas and dust around a supermassive black hole that can’t be seen with visible light. 

…and this Hubble image of the Mystic Mountains in the Carina Nebula.

Learn more about the James Webb Space Telescope HERE, or follow the mission on Facebook, Twitter and Instagram.

Image Credits Eagle Nebula: NASA, ESA/Hubble and the Hubble Heritage Team Hubble Image Processing - Messier 17: NASA/STScI Galaxy M82 Composite Image: NASA, CXC, JHU, D.Strickland, JPL-Caltech, C. Engelbracht (University of Arizona), ESA, and The Hubble Heritage Team (STScI/AURA) Horsehead Nebula: NASA, ESA, and The Hubble Heritage Team (STScI/AURA) Zeta Ophiuchi: NASA/JPL-Caltech Helix Nebula: NASA/JPL-Caltech Wing of the Small Magellanic Cloud X-ray: NASA/CXC/Univ.Potsdam/L.Oskinova et al; Optical: NASA/STScI; Infrared: NASA/JPL-Caltech Milky Way Circumnuclear Ring: NASA/DLR/USRA/DSI/FORCAST Team/ Lau et al. 2013 Mystic Mountains in the Carina Nebula: NASA/ESA/M. Livio & Hubble 20th Anniversary Team (STScI)

Make sure to follow us on Tumblr for your regular dose of space: http://nasa.tumblr.com.

Nessa quarta-feira, dia 27 de Julho de 2016, às 6:00 da manhã, hora de Brasília, o Electrical Support System Processor Unit, ou ESS, da sonda Rosetta será desligado.

O ESS, é a interface usada para realizar, ou pelo menos tentar as comunicações entre a sonda e o módulo Philae, que permanece em silêncio desde 9 de Julho de 2015.

Esse desligamento já é um preparativo e faz parte das ações que serão realizadas para o encerramento da missão da sonda Rosetta na órbita do cometa 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko.

A sonda encontra-se a mais de 520 milhões de quilômetros de distância do Sol e já começa a enfrentar uma perda significante de potência.

Para manter a sonda ativa cientificamente pelos próximos 2 meses, é necessário iniciar o desligamento de alguns sistemas.

Como o módulo Philae, não se comunica desde Julho de 2015, e já foi considerado como estando em hibernação eterna, mesmo com a sonda Rosetta passando bem perto do cometa e tentando comunicação, o ESS foi escolhido para ser desligado, encerrando assim de uma vez a missão do módulo Philae.

Descanse em paz Philae.

(via https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uNbKPaNob0k)

The latest results from the “Cheshire Cat” group of galaxies show how manifestations of Einstein’s 100-year-old theory can lead to new discoveries today. Astronomers have given the group this name because of the smiling cat-like appearance. Some of the feline features are actually distant galaxies whose light has been stretched and bent by the large amounts of mass, most of which is in the form of dark matter detectable only through its gravitational effect, found in the system. 

Image credit: NASA / STScI / Chandra & Hubble

High above Saturn

via reddit

Os cientistas da missão New Horizons da NASA estão aprendendo cada vez mais sobre a estrutura e o comportamento da complexa atmosfera de Plutão, descobrindo novos atributos das suas extensas camadas de névoas. As névoas foram descobertas pela primeira vez quando a sonda New Horizons as fotografou em Julho de 2015.

Os cientistas da missão descobriram que as camadas na atmosfera de nitrogênio de Plutão, variam em brilho dependendo da iluminação e do ponto de vista, embora ela mantenha sua estrutura vertical geral. As variações de brilho podem ocorrer devido as ondas de flutuações, que os cientistas também chamam de ondas de gravidade (e que nada tem a ver com as ondas gravitacionais), que são normalmente lançadas pelo fluxo de ar sobre as cadeias de montanhas. As ondas de gravidade atmosféricas são conhecidas na Terra, em Marte, e agora, provavelmente em Plutão.

As camadas da atmosfera de Plutão são vistas da melhor forma em imagens que foram feitas pela sonda New Horizons quando ela passou atrás do planeta anão. A sonda New Horizons, obteve uma série de imagens retroiluminadas enquanto ela passou por Plutão, no dia 14 de Julho de 2015. Nessas observações feitas pelo instrumento Long Range Reconnaissance Imager, ou LORRI, as camadas atmosféricas sobre localizações específicas em Plutão foram imageadas algumas vezes, num intervalo de 2 a 5 horas. O brilho das camada variam de cerca de 30%, apesar da altura das camadas acima da superfície permanecer a mesma.

Plutão é simplesmente espetacular, quando as primeiras imagens da estrutura da atmosfera foram observadas, elas surpreenderam a todos. O fato de não se ter observado as camadas atmosféricas se movendo para cima e para baixo será importante para os esforços de modelagem no futuro.

Fonte:

https://www.nasa.gov/feature/pluto-s-haze-varies-in-brightness

Gardner Megadome (também conhecido como Vitruvius T1):

Grande escudo vulcânico.

Diâmetro: 70 Km;

Altitude máxima: 1,6 Km;

Coordenadas Selenográficas: LAT: 16º 44’ 00’ N, LON: 33º 56’ 00” E;

Período Geológico Lunar: Não determinado.

Melhor período para observação: cinco dias após a Lua nova ou quatro dias após a Lua cheia. Quem foi GARDNER? Dr. Irvine Clifton Gardner (1889-1972) foi um físico americano que em 1921 se juntou ao National Bureau of Standards e em 1950 tornou-se chefe da Divisão de Óptica e Meteorologia. Ele foi presidente da Optical Society of America em 1958. Ficou conhecido por seu trabalho em óptica e no campo da espectroscopia.

Gardner Megadome foi, provavelmente, um imenso vulcão lunar, com 70 Km de diâmetro e 1,6 Km de altitude máxima, caracterizado como um grande escudo vulcânico, de textura áspera, formado possivelmente por um complexo coeso de domos sobrepostos e cobertos por lava, apresentando muitos impactos de minúsculas crateras em sua superfície.

Gardner Megadome é uma formação incomum, que consiste numa enorme área elevada localizada logo ao sul da cratera GARDNER (diâmetro: 18 Km, profundidade: 3,0 Km), com uma grande depressão no topo com indícios e possibilidades de ser uma caldeira vulcânica, conhecida como cratera Vitruvius H (diâmetro: 22 Km, profundidade: 400 m).

A cratera VITRUVIUS (diâmetro:29 Km, profundidade: 1,9 Km) localiza-se logo a noroeste do interessante Gardner Megadome.

Foto executada por Vaz Tolentino com apenas 1 frame em 10‎ de ‎abril‎ de ‎2012, ‏‎04:07:54 (07:07:54 UT).

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Belo arco circunzenital fotografado em 26 de Junho de 2016 no Texas. By www.eluniversohoy.net

Reinventing the Wheel

Planning a trip to the Moon? Mars? You’re going to need good tires…

Exploration requires mobility. And whether you’re on Earth or as far away as the Moon or Mars, you need good tires to get your vehicle from one place to another. Our decades-long work developing tires for space exploration has led to new game-changing designs and materials. Yes, we’re reinventing the wheel—here’s why.

Wheels on the Moon

Early tire designs were focused on moving hardware and astronauts across the lunar surface. The last NASA vehicle to visit the Moon was the Lunar Roving Vehicle during our Apollo missions. The vehicle used four large flexible wire mesh wheels with stiff inner frames. We used these Apollo era tires as the inspiration for new designs using newer materials and technology to better function on a lunar surface.

Up springs a new idea

During the mid-2000s, we worked with industry partner Goodyear to develop the Spring Tire, an airless compliant tire that consists of several hundred coiled steel wires woven into a flexible mesh, giving the tires the ability to support high loads while also conforming to the terrain. The Spring Tire has been proven to generate very good traction and durability in soft sand and on rocks.

Spring Tires for Mars

A little over a year after the Mars Curiosity Rover landed on Mars, engineers began to notice significant wheel damage in 2013 due to the unexpectedly harsh terrain. That’s when engineers began developing new Spring Tire prototypes to determine if they would be a new and better solution for exploration rovers on Mars.

In order for Spring Tires to go the distance on Martian terrain, new materials were required. Enter nickel titanium, a shape memory alloy with amazing capabilities that allow the tire to deform down to the axle and return to its original shape.

These tires can take a lickin’

After building the shape memory alloy tire, Glenn engineers sent it to the Jet Propulsion Laboratory’s Mars Life Test Facility. It performed impressively on the punishing track.

Why reinvent the wheel? It’s worth it.

New, high performing tires would allow lunar and Mars rovers to explore greater regions of the surface than currently possible. They conform to the terrain and do not sink as much as rigid wheels, allowing them to carry heavier payloads for the same given mass and volume. Also, because they absorb energy from impacts at moderate to high speeds, there is potential for use on crewed exploration vehicles which are expected to move at speeds significantly higher than the current Mars rovers.

Airless tires on Earth

Maybe. Recently, engineers and materials scientists have been testing a spinoff tire version that would work on cars and trucks on Earth. Stay tuned as we continue to push the boundaries on traditional concepts for exploring our world and beyond.  

Make sure to follow us on Tumblr for your regular dose of space: http://nasa.tumblr.com.